Roman–Persian Wars

E52277

ancient war series of wars

The Roman–Persian Wars were a centuries-long series of conflicts between the Roman (and later Byzantine) Empire and successive Iranian empires that shaped the political and military balance of power in the ancient Near East.

Try in SPARQL Jump to: Surface forms Disambiguation Statements Elicitation Referenced by

All labels observed (22)

Label	Occurrences
Roman–Persian Wars canonical	20
Roman–Sasanian Wars	14
Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628	10
Byzantine–Sasanian Wars	6
Byzantine–Sasanian wars	6
Byzantine–Sasanian War of 572–591	2
Roman–Persian wars	2
Byzantine–Persian frontier	1
Byzantine–Sasanian War	1
Byzantine–Sasanian War of 540–562	1
Byzantine–Sasanian conflicts	1
Byzantine–Sasanian rivalry in the Caucasus	1
Byzantine–Sassanian War of 540–562	1
Byzantine–Sassanian War of 602–628	1
Byzantine–Sassanian wars	1
Persian War of Justinian I	1
Roman–Iranian conflicts	1
Roman–Persian conflicts	1
Roman–Sasanian War of 337–363	1
Roman–Sasanian conflicts	1
Roman–Sasanian conflicts of the 5th century	1
further Byzantine–Sassanian wars	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T407821 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Roman–Persian Wars
Context triple: [Roman Antiquity, majorConflict, Roman–Persian Wars]

A. Roman–Parthian War of 161–166
The Roman–Parthian War of 161–166 was a major conflict between the Roman Empire and the Parthian Empire during the reign of Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus, marked by Roman campaigns in Armenia and Mesopotamia that temporarily expanded Roman influence in the East.
B. Roman–Germanic wars
The Roman–Germanic wars were a series of protracted military conflicts between the Roman Empire and various Germanic tribes that shaped the political and cultural landscape of ancient Europe.
C. Punic Wars
The Punic Wars were a series of three major conflicts between ancient Rome and Carthage that ultimately led to Roman dominance over the western Mediterranean.
D. Jewish–Roman wars
The Jewish–Roman wars were a series of major rebellions by the Jews of Judea against Roman rule between the 1st and 2nd centuries CE, culminating in widespread destruction, mass casualties, and the dispersion of much of the Jewish population.
E. Marcomannic Wars
The Marcomannic Wars were a series of mid-2nd century conflicts in which the Roman Empire fought Germanic and other tribes along the Danube frontier, severely testing imperial military strength under Emperor Marcus Aurelius.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Roman–Persian Wars
Target entity description: The Roman–Persian Wars were a centuries-long series of conflicts between the Roman (and later Byzantine) Empire and successive Iranian empires that shaped the political and military balance of power in the ancient Near East.

A. Roman–Parthian War of 161–166
The Roman–Parthian War of 161–166 was a major conflict between the Roman Empire and the Parthian Empire during the reign of Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus, marked by Roman campaigns in Armenia and Mesopotamia that temporarily expanded Roman influence in the East.
B. Roman–Germanic wars
The Roman–Germanic wars were a series of protracted military conflicts between the Roman Empire and various Germanic tribes that shaped the political and cultural landscape of ancient Europe.
C. Punic Wars
The Punic Wars were a series of three major conflicts between ancient Rome and Carthage that ultimately led to Roman dominance over the western Mediterranean.
D. Jewish–Roman wars
The Jewish–Roman wars were a series of major rebellions by the Jews of Judea against Roman rule between the 1st and 2nd centuries CE, culminating in widespread destruction, mass casualties, and the dispersion of much of the Jewish population.
E. Marcomannic Wars
The Marcomannic Wars were a series of mid-2nd century conflicts in which the Roman Empire fought Germanic and other tribes along the Danube frontier, severely testing imperial military strength under Emperor Marcus Aurelius.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (57)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	ancient war ⓘ series of wars ⓘ
about	control of Armenia ⓘ control of Mesopotamia ⓘ control of frontier provinces ⓘ regional hegemony in the Near East ⓘ
causeOf	military exhaustion of the Byzantine Empire ⓘ military exhaustion of the Sasanian Empire ⓘ
conflictBetween	Byzantine Empire ⓘ Parthian Empire ⓘ Roman Empire ⓘ Sasanian Empire ⓘ
describedBySource	Ammianus Marcellinus ⓘ Cassius Dio ⓘ Procopius ⓘ
duration	approximately seven centuries ⓘ
endTime	628 ⓘ
followedBy	Muslim conquest of Persia ⓘ Muslim conquest of the Levant ⓘ
hasEffect	influenced later Byzantine–Islamic conflicts ⓘ shaped political balance of power in the ancient Near East ⓘ
hasPart	Anastasian War ⓘ Roman–Persian Wars self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: Byzantine–Sasanian War of 572–591 Roman–Persian Wars self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628 Roman–Persian Wars self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: Byzantine–Sasanian Wars Iberian War ⓘ Lazic War ⓘ Roman–Parthian Wars ⓘ surface form: Roman–Parthian War of 40–33 BC Roman–Parthian Wars ⓘ surface form: Roman–Parthian War of 54–53 BC Roman–Parthian Wars ⓘ surface form: Roman–Parthian War of 58–63 Roman–Parthian Wars ⓘ Roman–Persian Wars self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: Roman–Sasanian War of 337–363 Roman–Persian Wars self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: Roman–Sasanian Wars
locatedIn	Anatolia ⓘ Ancient Near East ⓘ Armenia ⓘ Caucasus ⓘ Levant region ⓘ surface form: Levant Mesopotamia ⓘ Syria ⓘ
mainBelligerent	Byzantine Empire ⓘ Parthian Empire ⓘ Roman Empire ⓘ Sasanian Empire ⓘ
opponentOf	Parthian Empire ⓘ Roman Empire ⓘ Sasanian Empire ⓘ
partOf	history of Iran ⓘ history of the Byzantine Empire ⓘ history of the Roman Empire ⓘ
significantEvent	Battle of Carrhae ⓘ Battle of Dara (530) ⓘ Battle of Edessa (260) ⓘ Battle of Nineveh (627) ⓘ Siege of Antioch (540) ⓘ Siege of Constantinople (626) ⓘ
startTime	92 BC ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (75)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Roman Antiquity → majorConflict → Roman–Persian Wars ⓘ

Byzantine Empire → conflict → Roman–Persian Wars ⓘ

this entity surface form: Byzantine–Sassanian wars

Constantinian dynasty → militaryConflict → Roman–Persian Wars ⓘ

Roman army → participatedIn → Roman–Persian Wars ⓘ

Constantius II → participatedIn → Roman–Persian Wars ⓘ

Roman–Persian Wars → hasPart → Roman–Persian Wars self-linksurface differs ⓘ

this entity surface form: Roman–Sasanian Wars

Roman–Persian Wars → hasPart → Roman–Persian Wars self-linksurface differs ⓘ

this entity surface form: Byzantine–Sasanian Wars

Roman–Persian Wars → hasPart → Roman–Persian Wars self-linksurface differs ⓘ

this entity surface form: Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628

Roman–Persian Wars → hasPart → Roman–Persian Wars self-linksurface differs ⓘ

this entity surface form: Roman–Sasanian War of 337–363

Roman–Persian Wars → hasPart → Roman–Persian Wars self-linksurface differs ⓘ

this entity surface form: Byzantine–Sasanian War of 572–591

Arab–Byzantine wars → followed → Roman–Persian Wars ⓘ

this entity surface form: Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628

Heraclian dynasty → notableEvent → Roman–Persian Wars ⓘ

this entity surface form: Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628

Justinian dynasty → conflict → Roman–Persian Wars ⓘ

this entity surface form: Byzantine–Sasanian War of 572–591

Palmyrene region → conflictHistory → Roman–Persian Wars ⓘ

this entity surface form: Roman–Persian wars

Heraclius → militaryConflict → Roman–Persian Wars ⓘ

this entity surface form: Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628

Sasanian Empire → militaryConflict → Roman–Persian Wars ⓘ

this entity surface form: Roman–Sasanian Wars

Sasanian Empire → militaryConflict → Roman–Persian Wars ⓘ

this entity surface form: Byzantine–Sasanian Wars

Emperor Gordian III → conflict → Roman–Persian Wars ⓘ

subject surface form: Gordian III

this entity surface form: Roman–Sasanian Wars

Justinianic reconquests → followedBy → Roman–Persian Wars ⓘ

this entity surface form: Byzantine–Sassanian War of 602–628

Lazica → significantEvent → Roman–Persian Wars ⓘ

this entity surface form: Byzantine–Sasanian conflicts

Lazic War → partOf → Roman–Persian Wars ⓘ

this entity surface form: Byzantine–Sasanian wars

Shapur I → conflict → Roman–Persian Wars ⓘ

this entity surface form: Roman–Sasanian Wars

Iberian War → partOf → Roman–Persian Wars ⓘ

this entity surface form: Byzantine–Sasanian wars

Iberian War → hasLocation → Roman–Persian Wars ⓘ

this entity surface form: Byzantine–Persian frontier

Iberian War → cause → Roman–Persian Wars ⓘ

this entity surface form: Byzantine–Sasanian rivalry in the Caucasus

Iberian War → alsoKnownAs → Roman–Persian Wars ⓘ

this entity surface form: Persian War of Justinian I

Khosrow I → conflict → Roman–Persian Wars ⓘ

this entity surface form: Byzantine–Sasanian Wars

Justin II → conflict → Roman–Persian Wars ⓘ

this entity surface form: Byzantine–Sasanian War

Tiridates III of Armenia → conflict → Roman–Persian Wars ⓘ

Sassanian Armenia → significantEvent → Roman–Persian Wars ⓘ

this entity surface form: Byzantine–Sasanian wars

Arch of Galerius in Thessalonica → commemorates → Roman–Persian Wars ⓘ

Roman state → hasMilitaryConflict → Roman–Persian Wars ⓘ

Parthian campaigns of Septimius Severus → followedBy → Roman–Persian Wars ⓘ

this entity surface form: Roman–Sasanian conflicts

Exarchate of Africa → historyOfTopic → Roman–Persian Wars ⓘ

this entity surface form: Byzantine–Sasanian wars

Ammianus Marcellinus → participatedIn → Roman–Persian Wars ⓘ

Emperor Phocas → conflict → Roman–Persian Wars ⓘ

subject surface form: Phocas

this entity surface form: Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628

Procopius → mainSubject → Roman–Persian Wars ⓘ

this entity surface form: Byzantine–Sasanian wars

Odaenathus → militaryConflict → Roman–Persian Wars ⓘ

Roman military history → includesTopic → Roman–Persian Wars ⓘ

Roman–Parthian Wars → partOf → Roman–Persian Wars ⓘ

this entity surface form: Roman–Iranian conflicts

Roman–Parthian Wars → followedBy → Roman–Persian Wars ⓘ

this entity surface form: Roman–Sasanian Wars

Roman–Parthian Wars → relatedTo → Roman–Persian Wars ⓘ

this entity surface form: Roman–Sasanian Wars

George of Pisidia → wroteAbout → Roman–Persian Wars ⓘ

this entity surface form: Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628

Nisibis → wasSceneOf → Roman–Persian Wars ⓘ

this entity surface form: Roman–Persian wars

Battle of Singara → partOf → Roman–Persian Wars ⓘ

this entity surface form: Roman–Sasanian Wars

Battle of Singara → partOf → Roman–Persian Wars ⓘ

this entity surface form: Roman–Persian conflicts

Severus Alexander → militaryConflict → Roman–Persian Wars ⓘ

Anastasian War → partOf → Roman–Persian Wars ⓘ

this entity surface form: Byzantine–Sasanian Wars

Anastasian War → precededBy → Roman–Persian Wars ⓘ

this entity surface form: Roman–Sasanian conflicts of the 5th century

Battle of Dara (530) → partOf → Roman–Persian Wars ⓘ

this entity surface form: Roman–Sasanian Wars

All labels observed (22)

How this entity was disambiguated Show

Statements (57)

How these facts were elicited Show

Referenced by (75)

How this entity was disambiguated

How these facts were elicited