Spartan–Persian War

E464596

military conflict war

The Spartan–Persian War was a late 5th to early 4th century BCE conflict in which Sparta, after defeating Athens, clashed with the Achaemenid Persian Empire over control and influence in Asia Minor and the Greek world.

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All labels observed (6)

Label	Occurrences
Persian intervention in the Peloponnesian War	2
Persian–Spartan alliance	1
Spartan–Achaemenid conflict	1
Spartan–Persian War canonical	1
Spartan–Persian conflicts in Asia Minor	1
Spartan–Persian relations	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T4730714 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Spartan–Persian War
Context triple: [Artaxerxes II, conflict, Spartan–Persian War]

A. Greco-Persian Wars
The Greco-Persian Wars were a series of early 5th-century BCE conflicts in which a coalition of Greek city-states, including Athens and Sparta, repelled invasions by the vast Achaemenid Persian Empire, shaping the course of classical Greek civilization.
B. Ionian War
The Ionian War was the final phase of the Peloponnesian War, marked by Persian intervention and decisive naval battles that led to Athens’ defeat by Sparta.
C. Archidamian War
The Archidamian War was the first major phase of the Peloponnesian War, marked by repeated Spartan invasions of Attica and Athenian naval raids, lasting from 431 to 421 BCE.
D. Peloponnesian War
The Peloponnesian War was a protracted 5th-century BCE conflict between Athens and Sparta (and their respective allies) that reshaped the balance of power in ancient Greece and ultimately led to the downfall of Athenian dominance.
E. First Peloponnesian War
The First Peloponnesian War was a mid-5th century BCE conflict in ancient Greece primarily between Athens and Sparta with their respective allies, marking an early major phase of the struggle for dominance in the Greek world.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Spartan–Persian War
Target entity description: The Spartan–Persian War was a late 5th to early 4th century BCE conflict in which Sparta, after defeating Athens, clashed with the Achaemenid Persian Empire over control and influence in Asia Minor and the Greek world.

A. Greco-Persian Wars
The Greco-Persian Wars were a series of early 5th-century BCE conflicts in which a coalition of Greek city-states, including Athens and Sparta, repelled invasions by the vast Achaemenid Persian Empire, shaping the course of classical Greek civilization.
B. Ionian War
The Ionian War was the final phase of the Peloponnesian War, marked by Persian intervention and decisive naval battles that led to Athens’ defeat by Sparta.
C. Archidamian War
The Archidamian War was the first major phase of the Peloponnesian War, marked by repeated Spartan invasions of Attica and Athenian naval raids, lasting from 431 to 421 BCE.
D. Peloponnesian War
The Peloponnesian War was a protracted 5th-century BCE conflict between Athens and Sparta (and their respective allies) that reshaped the balance of power in ancient Greece and ultimately led to the downfall of Athenian dominance.
E. First Peloponnesian War
The First Peloponnesian War was a mid-5th century BCE conflict in ancient Greece primarily between Athens and Sparta with their respective allies, marking an early major phase of the struggle for dominance in the Greek world.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (47)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	military conflict ⓘ war ⓘ
alsoKnownAs	Spartan–Achaemenid conflict ⓘ linked to: Spartan–Persian War
belligerent	Achaemenid Empire ⓘ Greek cities of Asia Minor ⓘ Persian satraps in Asia Minor ⓘ Sparta ⓘ
cause	Spartan attempt to free Greek cities in Asia Minor from Persian rule ⓘ Spartan intervention in Asia Minor ⓘ Spartan–Persian rivalry for influence in the Greek world ⓘ
conflictBetween	Achaemenid Empire ⓘ Persia ⓘ Sparta ⓘ
context	Achaemenid efforts to manage Greek affairs through diplomacy and subsidies ⓘ Spartan victory over Athens in the Peloponnesian War ⓘ
diplomaticDimension	Greek interstate alliances influenced by Persian gold ⓘ Persian use of subsidies to Greek states ⓘ
endDate	c. 387 BCE ⓘ
followedBy	Corinthian War ⓘ
historicalSignificance	confirmed Persian dominance over Asia Minor Greek cities ⓘ contributed to decline of Spartan hegemony ⓘ shift of Persian strategy from direct invasion to indirect control of Greek politics ⓘ
involvesEvent	Persian diplomatic interventions in Greek interstate politics ⓘ Persian funding of anti-Spartan coalitions in Greece ⓘ Spartan campaigns in Asia Minor under Agesilaus II ⓘ naval clashes in the Aegean Sea ⓘ
militaryDimension	land campaigns in Asia Minor ⓘ naval warfare in the Aegean ⓘ
objectiveOfPersia	limiting Spartan power in the Greek mainland ⓘ reassertion of Persian authority in Asia Minor ⓘ
objectiveOfSparta	control over Greek cities in Asia Minor ⓘ maintenance of Spartan hegemony in Greece ⓘ
partOf	Greek–Persian conflicts ⓘ
place	Aegean Sea ⓘ Asia Minor ⓘ Greek world ⓘ
precededBy	Peloponnesian War ⓘ
relatedTo	King Agesilaus II of Sparta ⓘ linked to: King Agesilaus II King Artaxerxes II of Persia ⓘ linked to: Artaxerxes Persian satrap Pharnabazus II ⓘ linked to: Pharnabazus II Persian satrap Tissaphernes ⓘ linked to: Tissaphernes
result	Persian diplomatic and political advantage in Greek affairs ⓘ formal recognition of Persian control over Greek cities in Asia Minor ⓘ weakening of Spartan naval power ⓘ
startDate	c. 400 BCE ⓘ
timePeriod	early 4th century BCE ⓘ late 5th century BCE ⓘ

How these facts were elicited