Codex Borgia
E459148
Mesoamerican codex
divinatory manuscript
pictorial manuscript
pre-Columbian manuscript
ritual manuscript
Codex Borgia is a richly illustrated pre-Columbian Mesoamerican ritual and divinatory manuscript, renowned as one of the most important surviving examples of Indigenous pictorial books from central Mexico.
All labels observed (4)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Codex Borgia canonical | 10 |
| Codex Fejérváry-Mayer | 1 |
| Codex Ríos | 1 |
| Vatican Library, Codex Borgianus Mexicanus 1 | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T4619356 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Codex Borgia Context triple: [Postclassic period of Mesoamerica, notableDocument, Codex Borgia]
-
A.
Codex Boturini
Codex Boturini is a pre-Hispanic Aztec pictorial manuscript that chronicles the Mexica migration and the legendary origins of Tenochtitlan.
-
B.
Codex Trivulzianus
Codex Trivulzianus is a manuscript notebook by Leonardo da Vinci containing his studies in language, engineering, and various scientific and artistic subjects.
-
C.
Codex Selden
Codex Selden is a pre-Hispanic Mixtec pictorial manuscript that records genealogies, dynastic histories, and ritual information from the Mixtec civilization of what is now southern Mexico.
-
D.
Codex Aubin
Codex Aubin is a 16th-century Nahua pictorial manuscript that chronicles the history, migrations, and dynastic events of the Mexica (Aztecs) from their origins through the early colonial period.
-
E.
Codex Basilensis
Codex Basilensis is a significant Greek New Testament manuscript known for its representative Byzantine text-type and its importance in biblical textual criticism.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Codex Borgia Target entity description: Codex Borgia is a richly illustrated pre-Columbian Mesoamerican ritual and divinatory manuscript, renowned as one of the most important surviving examples of Indigenous pictorial books from central Mexico.
-
A.
Codex Boturini
Codex Boturini is a pre-Hispanic Aztec pictorial manuscript that chronicles the Mexica migration and the legendary origins of Tenochtitlan.
-
B.
Codex Trivulzianus
Codex Trivulzianus is a manuscript notebook by Leonardo da Vinci containing his studies in language, engineering, and various scientific and artistic subjects.
-
C.
Codex Selden
Codex Selden is a pre-Hispanic Mixtec pictorial manuscript that records genealogies, dynastic histories, and ritual information from the Mixtec civilization of what is now southern Mexico.
-
D.
Codex Aubin
Codex Aubin is a 16th-century Nahua pictorial manuscript that chronicles the history, migrations, and dynastic events of the Mexica (Aztecs) from their origins through the early colonial period.
-
E.
Codex Basilensis
Codex Basilensis is a significant Greek New Testament manuscript known for its representative Byzantine text-type and its importance in biblical textual criticism.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (50)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Mesoamerican codex
ⓘ
divinatory manuscript ⓘ pictorial manuscript ⓘ pre-Columbian manuscript ⓘ ritual manuscript ⓘ |
| approximateDate | 15th century ⓘ |
| associatedCalendar |
260-day ritual calendar
ⓘ
tonalpohualli ⓘ |
| associatedWithCulture |
Mixtec
ⓘ
Puebla-Tlaxcala region ⓘ
linked to:
Puebla–Tlaxcala region
|
| associatedWithDeity |
Quetzalcoatl
ⓘ
Tezcatlipoca ⓘ Tlaloc ⓘ Xipe Totec ⓘ Xochipilli ⓘ |
| coloration | polychrome ⓘ |
| contains |
New Fire ceremony imagery
ⓘ
Venus cycle imagery ⓘ astronomical symbolism ⓘ divinatory tables ⓘ iconography of deities ⓘ rain and fertility rituals ⓘ ritual almanacs ⓘ tonalpohualli calendar tables ⓘ |
| culture | Central Mexican ⓘ |
| currentLocation |
Vatican Apostolic Library
ⓘ
linked to:
Vatican Library
|
| format | screenfold codex ⓘ |
| languageContext | Nahuatl-speaking region ⓘ |
| material | deerskin ⓘ |
| namedAfter | Cardinal Stefano Borgia ⓘ |
| notableFeature |
complex deity scenes
ⓘ
highly stylized iconography ⓘ richly illustrated pages ⓘ |
| partOf |
Borgia Group of Mesoamerican codices
ⓘ
linked to:
Mesoamerican codices
|
| period | Late Postclassic Mesoamerica ⓘ |
| regionOfOrigin |
Central Mexico
ⓘ
Puebla-Tlaxcala valley ⓘ
linked to:
Puebla–Tlaxcala Valley
|
| relatedWork |
Codex Cospi
ⓘ
Codex Fejérváry-Mayer ⓘ
linked to:
Codex Boturini
Codex Laud ⓘ Codex Vaticanus B ⓘ
linked to:
Codex Vaticanus
|
| religiousFunction |
calendar consultation
ⓘ
divination ⓘ ritual instruction ⓘ |
| scholarlySignificance |
important example of Indigenous pictorial book tradition
ⓘ
key source for Central Mexican religion ⓘ major source for pre-Columbian divinatory practice ⓘ |
| scriptType | iconographic ⓘ |
| shelfmark |
Vatican Library, Codex Borgianus Mexicanus 1
ⓘ
linked to:
Codex Borgia
|
| writingSystem | pictographic ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Codex Borgia Description of subject: Codex Borgia is a richly illustrated pre-Columbian Mesoamerican ritual and divinatory manuscript, renowned as one of the most important surviving examples of Indigenous pictorial books from central Mexico.
Referenced by (13)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
subject linked to:
xiuhcoatl
linked to: Codex Borgia
linked to: Codex Borgia
linked to: Codex Borgia