Khan of the Golden Horde
E412412
The Khan of the Golden Horde was the supreme ruler of the western Mongol khanate that dominated much of Eastern Europe and parts of Russia from the 13th to the 15th century.
All labels observed (8)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Berke | 12 |
| Khan of the Golden Horde canonical | 4 |
| Berke Khan | 3 |
| Great Khan of the Golden Horde | 2 |
| Golden Horde khans | 1 |
| Khan of the White Horde | 1 |
| Khans of the Golden Horde | 1 |
| khans of the Golden Horde | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T3295989 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Khan of the Golden Horde Context triple: [Batu Khan, positionHeld, Khan of the Golden Horde]
-
A.
Nogai Khan
Nogai Khan was a powerful Mongol general and de facto ruler in the western part of the Golden Horde during the late 13th century.
-
B.
Qazan Khan
Qazan Khan was a 14th-century ruler of the Chagatai Khanate, a Mongol successor state in Central Asia descended from Genghis Khan’s empire.
-
C.
Uzbek Khan
Uzbek Khan was a powerful 14th-century khan of the Golden Horde known for making Islam the state religion and overseeing a period of political stability and economic prosperity.
-
D.
Tokhtamysh
Tokhtamysh was a late 14th-century khan of the Golden Horde who briefly reunited its territories and clashed with the Central Asian conqueror Timur.
-
E.
Chagatai Khan
Chagatai Khan was the second son of Genghis Khan and the founder of the Chagatai Khanate, a major Mongol khanate in Central Asia.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Khan of the Golden Horde Target entity description: The Khan of the Golden Horde was the supreme ruler of the western Mongol khanate that dominated much of Eastern Europe and parts of Russia from the 13th to the 15th century.
-
A.
Nogai Khan
Nogai Khan was a powerful Mongol general and de facto ruler in the western part of the Golden Horde during the late 13th century.
-
B.
Qazan Khan
Qazan Khan was a 14th-century ruler of the Chagatai Khanate, a Mongol successor state in Central Asia descended from Genghis Khan’s empire.
-
C.
Uzbek Khan
Uzbek Khan was a powerful 14th-century khan of the Golden Horde known for making Islam the state religion and overseeing a period of political stability and economic prosperity.
-
D.
Tokhtamysh
Tokhtamysh was a late 14th-century khan of the Golden Horde who briefly reunited its territories and clashed with the Central Asian conqueror Timur.
-
E.
Chagatai Khan
Chagatai Khan was the second son of Genghis Khan and the founder of the Chagatai Khanate, a major Mongol khanate in Central Asia.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (53)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
head of state
ⓘ
monarchical title ⓘ sovereign ruler ⓘ |
| appliesToJurisdiction | Golden Horde ⓘ |
| capital |
Sarai Batu
ⓘ
Sarai Berke ⓘ |
| collects | tribute from Rus' principalities ⓘ |
| controls | vassal principalities of Rus' ⓘ |
| country | Golden Horde ⓘ |
| currency | dirhams of the Golden Horde ⓘ |
| endTime |
c. 1502
ⓘ
late 15th century ⓘ |
| ethnicGroup |
Mongol
ⓘ
surface form:
Mongols
Turkic peoples ⓘ |
| hasPowerOver |
diplomatic relations of the Golden Horde
ⓘ
military affairs of the Golden Horde ⓘ taxation in the Golden Horde ⓘ |
| hasTitle |
Great Khan
ⓘ
surface form:
Great Khan (in the western ulus)
Khan ⓘ |
| inception | 13th century ⓘ |
| languageUsed |
Kipchak Turkic
ⓘ
Mongolian ⓘ |
| officeHolderSelection |
Chinggisid lineage requirement
ⓘ
election by Mongol-Tatar nobility ⓘ |
| partOf | Mongol Empire ⓘ |
| positionHeldBy |
Ahmed Khan bin Küchük
ⓘ
Batu Khan NERFINISHED ⓘ Berdi Beg ⓘ Berke Khan NERFINISHED ⓘ Edigu (as kingmaker and powerful beglerbeg) ⓘ Jani Beg ⓘ Mamai (as kingmaker and powerful beglerbeg) ⓘ Möngke-Temür ⓘ Sartaq Khan ⓘ Sayyid Ahmad I ⓘ
surface form:
Seyid Ahmad I
Seyid Ahmad II ⓘ Sheikh Ahmed ⓘ Tele-Buqa ⓘ Tokhtamysh ⓘ Toqta ⓘ Tuda-Mengu ⓘ Ulaghchi ⓘ
surface form:
Ulaqchi
Uzbek Khan ⓘ |
| religion |
Islam
ⓘ
Tengrism ⓘ |
| startTime | c. 1240s ⓘ |
| subordinateTo |
Great Khan
ⓘ
surface form:
Great Khan of the Mongol Empire
|
| territoryIncludes |
Crimea
ⓘ
Lower Volga region ⓘ Pontic–Caspian steppe ⓘ Pontic–Caspian steppe ⓘ
surface form:
Volga steppe
parts of Eastern Europe ⓘ parts of Rus' principalities ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Khan of the Golden Horde Description of subject: The Khan of the Golden Horde was the supreme ruler of the western Mongol khanate that dominated much of Eastern Europe and parts of Russia from the 13th to the 15th century.
Referenced by (25)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Berke Khan
this entity surface form:
Khan of the White Horde
this entity surface form:
Berke
this entity surface form:
Great Khan of the Golden Horde
this entity surface form:
Berke
this entity surface form:
Golden Horde khans
this entity surface form:
Berke
this entity surface form:
Berke
this entity surface form:
Berke Khan
this entity surface form:
Berke Khan
this entity surface form:
Berke
this entity surface form:
Berke
this entity surface form:
Berke
this entity surface form:
Great Khan of the Golden Horde
this entity surface form:
Khans of the Golden Horde