Lopingian Epoch
E394934
The Lopingian Epoch is the final subdivision of the Permian Period, marked by significant evolutionary changes and culminating in the largest mass extinction event in Earth's history.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Lopingian Epoch canonical | 2 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T3843531 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Lopingian Epoch Context triple: [Permian Period, hasSubdivision, Lopingian Epoch]
-
A.
Cisuralian Epoch
The Cisuralian Epoch is the earliest subdivision of the Permian, marking a time of significant diversification of terrestrial life and continued development of early amniotes following the late Paleozoic ice age.
-
B.
Pridoli Epoch
The Pridoli Epoch is the final epoch of the Silurian Period, marking a transitional interval in Earth’s history just before the onset of the Devonian.
-
C.
Siderian Period
The Siderian Period is the earliest division of the Paleoproterozoic, marked by widespread banded iron formation deposition and the initial rise of atmospheric oxygen on Earth.
-
D.
Oligocene Epoch
The Oligocene Epoch was a geologic time interval roughly 34 to 23 million years ago marked by global cooling, the expansion of grasslands, and significant evolution and diversification of mammals.
-
E.
Rhyacian Period
The Rhyacian Period is a geologic time interval in the early Proterozoic characterized by significant crustal growth, widespread metamorphism, and some of the earliest known large-scale glaciations.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Lopingian Epoch Target entity description: The Lopingian Epoch is the final subdivision of the Permian Period, marked by significant evolutionary changes and culminating in the largest mass extinction event in Earth's history.
-
A.
Cisuralian Epoch
The Cisuralian Epoch is the earliest subdivision of the Permian, marking a time of significant diversification of terrestrial life and continued development of early amniotes following the late Paleozoic ice age.
-
B.
Pridoli Epoch
The Pridoli Epoch is the final epoch of the Silurian Period, marking a transitional interval in Earth’s history just before the onset of the Devonian.
-
C.
Siderian Period
The Siderian Period is the earliest division of the Paleoproterozoic, marked by widespread banded iron formation deposition and the initial rise of atmospheric oxygen on Earth.
-
D.
Oligocene Epoch
The Oligocene Epoch was a geologic time interval roughly 34 to 23 million years ago marked by global cooling, the expansion of grasslands, and significant evolution and diversification of mammals.
-
E.
Rhyacian Period
The Rhyacian Period is a geologic time interval in the early Proterozoic characterized by significant crustal growth, widespread metamorphism, and some of the earliest known large-scale glaciations.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (47)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf | geologic epoch ⓘ |
| associatedWith | largest mass extinction in Earth history ⓘ |
| biostratigraphy |
ammonoid zonation used for marine correlations
ⓘ
conodont zonation widely used for correlation ⓘ |
| boundaryDefinedBy | first appearance of conodont Hindeodus parvus ⓘ |
| characterizedBy |
decline of many Paleozoic marine invertebrate groups
ⓘ
expansion of gymnosperm-dominated floras ⓘ major evolutionary turnover in marine life ⓘ radiation of advanced therapsids ⓘ |
| chronostratigraphicRank | series ⓘ |
| climate | generally warm and arid conditions on Pangea ⓘ |
| contains |
Changhsingian Age
ⓘ
Wuchiapingian ⓘ
surface form:
Wuchiapingian Age
|
| correlatesWith | upper Permian in older literature ⓘ |
| culminatesIn |
Permian–Triassic mass extinction
ⓘ
surface form:
Permian–Triassic mass extinction event
|
| endsWith | boundary between Permian and Triassic periods ⓘ |
| endTime | 251.902 million years ago ⓘ |
| etymology | derived from Loping, old name for Luoping region in China ⓘ |
| floralAssemblages |
Glossopteris floras in Gondwana
ⓘ
conifer-dominated forests in many regions ⓘ |
| follows | Guadalupian Epoch ⓘ |
| geochronologicRank | epoch ⓘ |
| GSSP |
Meishan section, South China
ⓘ
surface form:
Meishan section, Zhejiang, China
|
| linkedTo |
large-scale volcanic activity in the Siberian Traps
ⓘ
severe climatic and environmental perturbations ⓘ |
| marineFauna |
fusulinid foraminifera decline
ⓘ
rugose corals decline ⓘ trilobites approach extinction ⓘ |
| massExtinctionSeverity |
large fraction of terrestrial vertebrate species lost
ⓘ
over 80 percent of marine species lost ⓘ over 90 percent of marine species lost in some estimates ⓘ |
| namedBy | Amadeus William Grabau ⓘ |
| nameProposedIn | 1931 ⓘ |
| paleogeography |
extensive arid continental interiors
ⓘ
restricted marine basins around Pangea margins ⓘ |
| partOf | Permian Period ⓘ |
| positionInEra | final epoch of the Paleozoic Era ⓘ |
| positionInPeriod | final epoch of the Permian Period ⓘ |
| precedes |
Triassic
ⓘ
surface form:
Early Triassic Epoch
|
| recognizedBy | International Union of Geological Sciences ⓘ |
| seaLevelTrend | overall regression of epicontinental seas ⓘ |
| startTime | 259.1 million years ago ⓘ |
| tectonicSetting |
supercontinent Pangaea
ⓘ
surface form:
supercontinent Pangea
|
| terrestrialFauna |
dicynodont herbivores
ⓘ
diverse therapsid assemblages ⓘ gorgonopsian predators ⓘ |
| timeScale |
International Commission on Stratigraphy
ⓘ
surface form:
International Commission on Stratigraphy timescale
|
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Lopingian Epoch Description of subject: The Lopingian Epoch is the final subdivision of the Permian Period, marked by significant evolutionary changes and culminating in the largest mass extinction event in Earth's history.
Referenced by (2)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.