Heitler–London theory of the chemical bond
E347196
The Heitler–London theory of the chemical bond is an early quantum mechanical model that explains covalent bonding by treating it as the result of electron exchange and spin pairing between atoms.
All labels observed (4)
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T3306104 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
Target entity: Heitler–London theory of the chemical bond Context triple: [Fritz London, notableWork, Heitler–London theory of the chemical bond]
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A.
The Nature of the Chemical Bond
The Nature of the Chemical Bond is a landmark chemistry book by Linus Pauling that systematically explains chemical bonding using quantum mechanics and became one of the most influential scientific texts of the 20th century.
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B.
Herzberg–Teller approximation
The Herzberg–Teller approximation is a refinement in molecular spectroscopy that accounts for vibronic coupling by allowing electronic transition dipole moments to depend on nuclear coordinates, explaining intensity in otherwise forbidden transitions.
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C.
Longuet-Higgins theorem in molecular symmetry
The Longuet-Higgins theorem in molecular symmetry is a fundamental result in theoretical chemistry that relates molecular symmetry properties to electronic state degeneracies and the occurrence of phenomena such as the Jahn–Teller effect.
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D.
Brillouin–Wigner perturbation theory
Brillouin–Wigner perturbation theory is a formulation of quantum mechanical perturbation theory that uses an energy-dependent effective Hamiltonian to obtain improved approximations to eigenvalues and eigenstates.
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E.
Theory of Atomic Spectra (1935)
Theory of Atomic Spectra (1935) is a foundational physics monograph by Edward Condon that systematically develops the quantum-mechanical theory underlying atomic spectral lines and their structure.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
Target entity: Heitler–London theory of the chemical bond Target entity description: The Heitler–London theory of the chemical bond is an early quantum mechanical model that explains covalent bonding by treating it as the result of electron exchange and spin pairing between atoms.
-
A.
The Nature of the Chemical Bond
The Nature of the Chemical Bond is a landmark chemistry book by Linus Pauling that systematically explains chemical bonding using quantum mechanics and became one of the most influential scientific texts of the 20th century.
-
B.
Herzberg–Teller approximation
The Herzberg–Teller approximation is a refinement in molecular spectroscopy that accounts for vibronic coupling by allowing electronic transition dipole moments to depend on nuclear coordinates, explaining intensity in otherwise forbidden transitions.
-
C.
Longuet-Higgins theorem in molecular symmetry
The Longuet-Higgins theorem in molecular symmetry is a fundamental result in theoretical chemistry that relates molecular symmetry properties to electronic state degeneracies and the occurrence of phenomena such as the Jahn–Teller effect.
-
D.
Brillouin–Wigner perturbation theory
Brillouin–Wigner perturbation theory is a formulation of quantum mechanical perturbation theory that uses an energy-dependent effective Hamiltonian to obtain improved approximations to eigenvalues and eigenstates.
-
E.
Theory of Atomic Spectra (1935)
Theory of Atomic Spectra (1935) is a foundational physics monograph by Edward Condon that systematically develops the quantum-mechanical theory underlying atomic spectral lines and their structure.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
chemical bonding theory
ⓘ
quantum mechanical theory ⓘ valence bond theory ⓘ |
| appliesMethod |
linear combination of atomic orbitals
ⓘ
symmetrization and antisymmetrization of product states ⓘ |
| appliesTo | covalent bond ⓘ |
| approachType |
ab initio method
ⓘ
wavefunction‑based method ⓘ |
| assumes | localized electrons on atoms ⓘ |
| basedOn |
Schrödinger equation
ⓘ
quantum mechanics ⓘ |
| characteristicFeature |
explicit treatment of electron exchange
ⓘ
non‑perturbative treatment of H₂ molecule ⓘ use of spin‑correlated wavefunctions ⓘ |
| comparedTo | molecular orbital theory ⓘ |
| coreIdea |
antibonding arises from antisymmetric spatial wavefunction and symmetric spin state
ⓘ
bonding arises from symmetric spatial wavefunction and antisymmetric spin state ⓘ |
| describes |
electron exchange between atoms
ⓘ
spin pairing of electrons ⓘ |
| developedBy |
Fritz London
ⓘ
Walter Heitler ⓘ |
| explains |
bond formation via spin‑paired electron pairs
ⓘ
covalent bonding as electron exchange ⓘ |
| field |
chemical physics
ⓘ
quantum chemistry ⓘ theoretical chemistry ⓘ |
| firstAppliedTo |
H₂ ground state
ⓘ
hydrogen molecule ⓘ |
| historicalPeriod | early quantum mechanics ⓘ |
| influenced | development of quantum chemistry ⓘ |
| isFoundationFor | modern valence bond theory ⓘ |
| languageOfOriginalPublication | German ⓘ |
| limitation |
computationally difficult for many‑electron systems
ⓘ
less convenient than molecular orbital theory for delocalized systems ⓘ |
| namedAfter |
Fritz London
ⓘ
Walter Heitler ⓘ |
| predicts |
destabilization of triplet spin state in H₂
ⓘ
stabilization of singlet spin state in H₂ ⓘ |
| publication |
Heitler–London theory of the chemical bond
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
“Wechselwirkung neutraler Atome und homöopolare Bindung nach der Quantenmechanik”
|
| relatedConcept |
Heitler–London theory of the chemical bond
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
Heitler–London wavefunction
exchange energy ⓘ |
| usesConcept |
Pauli exclusion principle
ⓘ
antisymmetric total wavefunction ⓘ electron spin ⓘ exchange interaction ⓘ superposition of atomic wavefunctions ⓘ valence electrons ⓘ |
| yearProposed | 1927 ⓘ |
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Subject: Heitler–London theory of the chemical bond Description of subject: The Heitler–London theory of the chemical bond is an early quantum mechanical model that explains covalent bonding by treating it as the result of electron exchange and spin pairing between atoms.
Referenced by (5)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.