Triple
T3306104
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Fritz London |
E69452
|
entity |
| Predicate | notableWork |
P4
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Heitler–London theory of the chemical bond
The Heitler–London theory of the chemical bond is an early quantum mechanical model that explains covalent bonding by treating it as the result of electron exchange and spin pairing between atoms.
|
E347196
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Heitler–London theory of the chemical bond | Statement: [Fritz London, notableWork, Heitler–London theory of the chemical bond]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Heitler–London theory of the chemical bond Context triple: [Fritz London, notableWork, Heitler–London theory of the chemical bond]
-
A.
The Nature of the Chemical Bond
The Nature of the Chemical Bond is a landmark chemistry book by Linus Pauling that systematically explains chemical bonding using quantum mechanics and became one of the most influential scientific texts of the 20th century.
-
B.
Herzberg–Teller approximation
The Herzberg–Teller approximation is a refinement in molecular spectroscopy that accounts for vibronic coupling by allowing electronic transition dipole moments to depend on nuclear coordinates, explaining intensity in otherwise forbidden transitions.
-
C.
Longuet-Higgins theorem in molecular symmetry
The Longuet-Higgins theorem in molecular symmetry is a fundamental result in theoretical chemistry that relates molecular symmetry properties to electronic state degeneracies and the occurrence of phenomena such as the Jahn–Teller effect.
-
D.
Brillouin–Wigner perturbation theory
Brillouin–Wigner perturbation theory is a formulation of quantum mechanical perturbation theory that uses an energy-dependent effective Hamiltonian to obtain improved approximations to eigenvalues and eigenstates.
-
E.
Theory of Atomic Spectra (1935)
Theory of Atomic Spectra (1935) is a foundational physics monograph by Edward Condon that systematically develops the quantum-mechanical theory underlying atomic spectral lines and their structure.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Heitler–London theory of the chemical bond Triple: [Fritz London, notableWork, Heitler–London theory of the chemical bond]
Generated description
The Heitler–London theory of the chemical bond is an early quantum mechanical model that explains covalent bonding by treating it as the result of electron exchange and spin pairing between atoms.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Heitler–London theory of the chemical bond Target entity description: The Heitler–London theory of the chemical bond is an early quantum mechanical model that explains covalent bonding by treating it as the result of electron exchange and spin pairing between atoms.
-
A.
The Nature of the Chemical Bond
The Nature of the Chemical Bond is a landmark chemistry book by Linus Pauling that systematically explains chemical bonding using quantum mechanics and became one of the most influential scientific texts of the 20th century.
-
B.
Herzberg–Teller approximation
The Herzberg–Teller approximation is a refinement in molecular spectroscopy that accounts for vibronic coupling by allowing electronic transition dipole moments to depend on nuclear coordinates, explaining intensity in otherwise forbidden transitions.
-
C.
Longuet-Higgins theorem in molecular symmetry
The Longuet-Higgins theorem in molecular symmetry is a fundamental result in theoretical chemistry that relates molecular symmetry properties to electronic state degeneracies and the occurrence of phenomena such as the Jahn–Teller effect.
-
D.
Brillouin–Wigner perturbation theory
Brillouin–Wigner perturbation theory is a formulation of quantum mechanical perturbation theory that uses an energy-dependent effective Hamiltonian to obtain improved approximations to eigenvalues and eigenstates.
-
E.
Theory of Atomic Spectra (1935)
Theory of Atomic Spectra (1935) is a foundational physics monograph by Edward Condon that systematically develops the quantum-mechanical theory underlying atomic spectral lines and their structure.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69ad859f218081909458d2cebbf57565 |
completed | March 8, 2026, 2:20 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69adb0c9470881908c36c1984fdbb67b |
completed | March 8, 2026, 5:24 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69b2f3e6e55881909417d54e0d8f0a26 |
completed | March 12, 2026, 5:12 p.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69b2fa93ebc0819084c4cdfdb8d6e48d |
completed | March 12, 2026, 5:40 p.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69b312b6e224819080957998acbed524 |
completed | March 12, 2026, 7:23 p.m. |
Created at: March 8, 2026, 3:11 p.m.