Rayleigh–Jeans law at low frequencies
E31549
The Rayleigh–Jeans law at low frequencies is the classical approximation for blackbody radiation that accurately describes the long-wavelength, low-energy limit of Planck’s radiation spectrum.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Rayleigh–Jeans law | 2 |
| Rayleigh–Jeans law at low frequencies canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T243944 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Rayleigh–Jeans law at low frequencies Context triple: [Planck radiation law, reducesTo, Rayleigh–Jeans law at low frequencies]
-
A.
Planck radiation law
Planck radiation law is a fundamental formula in quantum physics that describes the spectral distribution of electromagnetic radiation emitted by a black body in thermal equilibrium.
-
B.
On a Heuristic Point of View Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light
"On a Heuristic Point of View Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light" is Albert Einstein’s 1905 paper that introduced the concept of light quanta (photons), laying the foundation for quantum theory and explaining the photoelectric effect.
-
C.
Illustrations of the Dynamical Theory of Gases
Illustrations of the Dynamical Theory of Gases is a foundational 1860 scientific paper by James Clerk Maxwell that introduced key ideas of kinetic theory and the statistical behavior of gas molecules.
-
D.
Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?
"Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?" is Albert Einstein’s 1905 paper that first articulated the mass–energy equivalence principle, commonly expressed as E = mc².
-
E.
Einstein coefficients
Einstein coefficients are parameters in quantum theory that quantify the probabilities of absorption, spontaneous emission, and stimulated emission of radiation by atoms or molecules.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Rayleigh–Jeans law at low frequencies Target entity description: The Rayleigh–Jeans law at low frequencies is the classical approximation for blackbody radiation that accurately describes the long-wavelength, low-energy limit of Planck’s radiation spectrum.
-
A.
Planck radiation law
Planck radiation law is a fundamental formula in quantum physics that describes the spectral distribution of electromagnetic radiation emitted by a black body in thermal equilibrium.
-
B.
On a Heuristic Point of View Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light
"On a Heuristic Point of View Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light" is Albert Einstein’s 1905 paper that introduced the concept of light quanta (photons), laying the foundation for quantum theory and explaining the photoelectric effect.
-
C.
Illustrations of the Dynamical Theory of Gases
Illustrations of the Dynamical Theory of Gases is a foundational 1860 scientific paper by James Clerk Maxwell that introduced key ideas of kinetic theory and the statistical behavior of gas molecules.
-
D.
Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?
"Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?" is Albert Einstein’s 1905 paper that first articulated the mass–energy equivalence principle, commonly expressed as E = mc².
-
E.
Einstein coefficients
Einstein coefficients are parameters in quantum theory that quantify the probabilities of absorption, spontaneous emission, and stimulated emission of radiation by atoms or molecules.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (46)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
approximation
ⓘ
classical limit of Planck’s law ⓘ physical law ⓘ |
| accuratelyDescribes | long-wavelength tail of blackbody spectrum ⓘ |
| appliesTo |
long wavelengths
ⓘ
low frequencies ⓘ low photon energies ⓘ |
| associatedWith | ultraviolet catastrophe when extrapolated to high frequencies ⓘ |
| assumes |
classical electromagnetic field
ⓘ
continuous energy spectrum ⓘ electromagnetic modes have energy kT per degree of freedom ⓘ |
| context | thermodynamic equilibrium of radiation in a cavity ⓘ |
| contrastWith | Wien’s law at high frequencies ⓘ |
| dependsOn |
absolute temperature T
ⓘ
frequency ν ⓘ wavelength λ ⓘ |
| derivedFrom |
classical statistical mechanics
ⓘ
equipartition theorem ⓘ |
| describes | spectral radiance of blackbody radiation ⓘ |
| domain | blackbody radiation ⓘ |
| failsAt |
high frequencies
ⓘ
short wavelengths ⓘ |
| field |
classical electrodynamics
ⓘ
statistical physics ⓘ thermal radiation ⓘ |
| formulaInFrequencyForm | B_ν(T) = (2ν²kT)∕c² ⓘ |
| formulaInWavelengthForm | B_λ(T) = (2ckT)∕λ⁴ ⓘ |
| historicalRole | motivated development of quantum theory ⓘ |
| implies | energy density of radiation grows without bound with frequency in classical theory ⓘ |
| isApproximationOf |
Planck radiation law
ⓘ
surface form:
Planck’s law of blackbody radiation
|
| isClassicalLimitOf |
Planck radiation law
ⓘ
surface form:
Planck’s radiation law
|
| isValidInLimit |
hν ≪ kT
ⓘ
λ ≫ hc∕kT ⓘ |
| namedAfter |
James Jeans
ⓘ
Lord Rayleigh ⓘ |
| predicts |
spectral radiance proportional to temperature T
ⓘ
spectral radiance proportional to λ⁻⁴ in wavelength domain ⓘ spectral radiance proportional to ν² in frequency domain ⓘ |
| relatesQuantity |
spectral radiance per unit frequency
ⓘ
spectral radiance per unit wavelength ⓘ |
| usedFor | approximating cosmic microwave background spectrum at low frequencies ⓘ |
| usedIn |
microwave regime analysis
ⓘ
radio astronomy ⓘ |
| usesConstant |
Boltzmann constant
ⓘ
surface form:
Boltzmann constant k
speed of light c ⓘ |
| validFor | hν∕kT ≪ 1 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Rayleigh–Jeans law at low frequencies Description of subject: The Rayleigh–Jeans law at low frequencies is the classical approximation for blackbody radiation that accurately describes the long-wavelength, low-energy limit of Planck’s radiation spectrum.
Referenced by (3)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Rayleigh–Jeans law
this entity surface form:
Rayleigh–Jeans law