Protoevangelium of James
E26591
The Protoevangelium of James is a second-century apocryphal gospel that elaborates on the early life of the Virgin Mary and the birth of Jesus, significantly shaping later Christian traditions about Mary and her parents.
All labels observed (5)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Protoevangelium of James canonical | 11 |
| apocryphal Protoevangelium of James | 2 |
| Gospel of James | 1 |
| Life of the Virgin (attributed) | 1 |
| apocryphal Gospel of James | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T207833 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Protoevangelium of James Context triple: [Saint Anne, mentionedIn, Protoevangelium of James]
-
A.
Gospel of Mark
The Gospel of Mark is one of the four canonical New Testament gospels, presenting a fast-paced narrative of Jesus Christ’s ministry, death, and resurrection and considered by many scholars to be the earliest written gospel.
-
B.
Gospel of Luke
The Gospel of Luke is a New Testament book that presents a detailed narrative of Jesus Christ’s life, teachings, death, and resurrection, emphasizing his compassion, concern for the marginalized, and the universality of salvation.
-
C.
Euchologion
The Euchologion is a principal liturgical book in the Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic Churches containing the texts and prayers used by clergy for the Divine Liturgy, sacraments, and various rites.
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D.
Gospel of John
The Gospel of John is a New Testament book that presents a distinctive theological portrait of Jesus Christ, emphasizing his divine nature through signs, discourses, and the theme of belief.
-
E.
Virgin Birth of Jesus
The Virgin Birth of Jesus is the Christian doctrine that Jesus was miraculously conceived in the womb of Mary by the Holy Spirit without a human father, affirming his divine origin and role in salvation history.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Protoevangelium of James Target entity description: The Protoevangelium of James is a second-century apocryphal gospel that elaborates on the early life of the Virgin Mary and the birth of Jesus, significantly shaping later Christian traditions about Mary and her parents.
-
A.
Gospel of Mark
The Gospel of Mark is one of the four canonical New Testament gospels, presenting a fast-paced narrative of Jesus Christ’s ministry, death, and resurrection and considered by many scholars to be the earliest written gospel.
-
B.
Gospel of Luke
The Gospel of Luke is a New Testament book that presents a detailed narrative of Jesus Christ’s life, teachings, death, and resurrection, emphasizing his compassion, concern for the marginalized, and the universality of salvation.
-
C.
Euchologion
The Euchologion is a principal liturgical book in the Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic Churches containing the texts and prayers used by clergy for the Divine Liturgy, sacraments, and various rites.
-
D.
Gospel of John
The Gospel of John is a New Testament book that presents a distinctive theological portrait of Jesus Christ, emphasizing his divine nature through signs, discourses, and the theme of belief.
-
E.
Virgin Birth of Jesus
The Virgin Birth of Jesus is the Christian doctrine that Jesus was miraculously conceived in the womb of Mary by the Holy Spirit without a human father, affirming his divine origin and role in salvation history.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (50)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
apocryphal gospel
ⓘ
early Christian text ⓘ infancy gospel ⓘ |
| acceptedIn | apocryphal Christian literature ⓘ |
| approximateDateWritten | c. 150 CE ⓘ |
| attributedTo | James the Just ⓘ |
| authorshipStatus | pseudonymous ⓘ |
| canonicalStatus | non-canonical ⓘ |
| category |
Apocryphal New Testament writings
ⓘ
surface form:
New Testament apocrypha
|
| chapters | 25 ⓘ |
| containsMotif |
Mary raised in the Temple
ⓘ
casting of lots for Mary’s guardian ⓘ cave as birthplace of Jesus ⓘ trial by ordeal of Mary and Joseph ⓘ |
| dateWritten | 2nd century ⓘ |
| elaborates |
betrothal of Mary to Joseph
ⓘ
birth of Jesus in a cave ⓘ childhood of Mary in the Temple ⓘ conception and birth of Mary ⓘ early life of Mary ⓘ midwife’s testimony to Mary’s virginity ⓘ virginal conception of Jesus ⓘ |
| focusesOn |
Virgin Mary
ⓘ
birth of Jesus ⓘ parents of Mary ⓘ |
| genre | narrative prose ⓘ |
| identifiesAs | parents of Mary ⓘ |
| influenced |
Christian traditions about Joachim and Anne
ⓘ
doctrines about the perpetual virginity of Mary ⓘ iconography of the Nativity ⓘ later Marian devotion ⓘ liturgical feasts of Mary’s conception and birth ⓘ |
| introducesCharacter |
Anne
ⓘ
Joachim ⓘ |
| language | Koine Greek ⓘ |
| notIncludedIn |
New Testament
ⓘ
surface form:
New Testament canon
|
| relatedWork |
Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew
ⓘ
Infancy Gospel of Thomas ⓘ |
| religiousTradition | Christianity ⓘ |
| setting |
Bethlehem
ⓘ
Jerusalem ⓘ Nazareth ⓘ |
| survivesIn | multiple Greek manuscripts ⓘ |
| theologicalEmphasis |
divine plan for Jesus’ birth
ⓘ
miraculous intervention in Mary’s conception ⓘ purity of Mary ⓘ |
| translatedInto |
Coptic
ⓘ
Ethiopic ⓘ Latin ⓘ Syriac ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Protoevangelium of James Description of subject: The Protoevangelium of James is a second-century apocryphal gospel that elaborates on the early life of the Virgin Mary and the birth of Jesus, significantly shaping later Christian traditions about Mary and her parents.
Referenced by (16)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
subject surface form:
Maximus the Confessor
this entity surface form:
Life of the Virgin (attributed)
subject surface form:
Sant’Anna
this entity surface form:
apocryphal Gospel of James
this entity surface form:
Gospel of James
this entity surface form:
apocryphal Protoevangelium of James
this entity surface form:
apocryphal Protoevangelium of James