Meadowcroft Rockshelter
E219772
Meadowcroft Rockshelter is an archaeological site in Pennsylvania renowned for evidence of some of the earliest known human habitation in North America.
All labels observed (3)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Meadowcroft Rockshelter canonical | 5 |
| Meadowcroft Rockshelter and Historic Village | 4 |
| Meadowcroft Rock Shelter | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T1949943 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Meadowcroft Rockshelter Context triple: [Paleo-Indian period, associatedWith, Meadowcroft Rockshelter]
-
A.
Arlington Springs Man site
The Arlington Springs Man site is a significant Paleoindian archaeological locality on Santa Rosa Island in California, where some of the oldest known human remains in North America were discovered.
-
B.
Moundville Archaeological Park
Moundville Archaeological Park is a major pre-Columbian Native American site featuring large earthen mounds and artifacts from the Mississippian culture, located along the Black Warrior River in Alabama.
-
C.
Cahokia Mounds region
The Cahokia Mounds region is a major pre-Columbian archaeological area in the Mississippi River valley, known for its large earthen mounds and as the center of one of North America’s most complex ancient Indigenous urban societies.
-
D.
Taliesin West
Taliesin West is architect Frank Lloyd Wright’s former winter home and studio, now a UNESCO World Heritage Site and architecture school campus renowned for its desert-integrated design.
-
E.
Mound City
Mound City is a historical nickname for St. Louis, Missouri, referencing the region’s ancient Native American earthwork mounds.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Meadowcroft Rockshelter Target entity description: Meadowcroft Rockshelter is an archaeological site in Pennsylvania renowned for evidence of some of the earliest known human habitation in North America.
-
A.
Arlington Springs Man site
The Arlington Springs Man site is a significant Paleoindian archaeological locality on Santa Rosa Island in California, where some of the oldest known human remains in North America were discovered.
-
B.
Moundville Archaeological Park
Moundville Archaeological Park is a major pre-Columbian Native American site featuring large earthen mounds and artifacts from the Mississippian culture, located along the Black Warrior River in Alabama.
-
C.
Cahokia Mounds region
The Cahokia Mounds region is a major pre-Columbian archaeological area in the Mississippi River valley, known for its large earthen mounds and as the center of one of North America’s most complex ancient Indigenous urban societies.
-
D.
Taliesin West
Taliesin West is architect Frank Lloyd Wright’s former winter home and studio, now a UNESCO World Heritage Site and architecture school campus renowned for its desert-integrated design.
-
E.
Mound City
Mound City is a historical nickname for St. Louis, Missouri, referencing the region’s ancient Native American earthwork mounds.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
archaeological site
ⓘ
rock shelter ⓘ |
| associatedWithDebate | peopling of the Americas ⓘ |
| continent | North America ⓘ |
| country |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| designatedAs | National Historic Landmark ⓘ |
| discoveredBy | Albert Miller ⓘ |
| discoveryYear | 1955 ⓘ |
| excavatedBy |
James M. Adovasio
ⓘ
University of Pittsburgh ⓘ |
| firstExcavationYear | 1973 ⓘ |
| hasAlternativeName |
Meadowcroft Rockshelter
ⓘ
surface form:
Meadowcroft Rock Shelter
Meadowcroft Rockshelter ⓘ
surface form:
Meadowcroft Rockshelter and Historic Village
|
| hasControversialAspect | interpretation of earliest radiocarbon dates ⓘ |
| hasEvidenceOfHumanHabitation |
Archaic period
ⓘ
Late Pleistocene ⓘ Woodland period ⓘ as early as about 16,000 years ago ⓘ |
| hasFeature |
deep archaeological stratigraphy
ⓘ
overhanging sandstone cliff ⓘ stratified cultural deposits ⓘ |
| hasFind |
botanical remains
ⓘ
charcoal samples ⓘ faunal remains ⓘ hearths ⓘ post molds ⓘ projectile points ⓘ stone tools ⓘ |
| hasOnsiteMuseum | true ⓘ |
| hasRadiocarbonDates | pre-Clovis age ⓘ |
| knownFor |
early human habitation in North America
ⓘ
long cultural sequence of human occupation ⓘ pre-Clovis archaeological evidence ⓘ |
| listedOn | National Register of Historic Places ⓘ |
| locatedIn |
Avella, Pennsylvania
ⓘ
Cross Creek Township, Pennsylvania ⓘ Ohio Valley region ⓘ
surface form:
Ohio River Valley
Pennsylvania ⓘ Washington County, Pennsylvania NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| managedBy | Senator John Heinz History Center ⓘ |
| nationalHistoricLandmarkDesignationYear | 2005 ⓘ |
| nationalRegisterListingYear | 1978 ⓘ |
| openToPublic | true ⓘ |
| partOf |
Meadowcroft Rockshelter
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
Meadowcroft Rockshelter and Historic Village
Meadowcroft Village open-air museum ⓘ |
| researchFocus | early human migration into the Americas ⓘ |
| usedAs |
long-term habitation site
ⓘ
seasonal campsite ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Meadowcroft Rockshelter Description of subject: Meadowcroft Rockshelter is an archaeological site in Pennsylvania renowned for evidence of some of the earliest known human habitation in North America.
Referenced by (10)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Meadowcroft Rockshelter and Historic Village
this entity surface form:
Meadowcroft Rockshelter and Historic Village
this entity surface form:
Meadowcroft Rockshelter and Historic Village
this entity surface form:
Meadowcroft Rock Shelter
this entity surface form:
Meadowcroft Rockshelter and Historic Village