Spiritualism
E212759
Spiritualism is a religious and philosophical movement centered on the belief that the spirits of the dead can and do communicate with the living, often through mediums and séances.
All labels observed (9)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Spiritism | 11 |
| Kardecist Spiritism | 3 |
| American spiritualist movement | 1 |
| Espiritismo | 1 |
| French Spiritism of Allan Kardec | 1 |
| French spiritualism | 1 |
| Spiritism (associated) | 1 |
| Spiritualism canonical | 1 |
| Spiritualist church | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T1905657 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Spiritualism Context triple: [Arthur Conan Doyle, laterReligion, Spiritualism]
-
A.
Theosophy
Theosophy is a spiritual and philosophical movement that blends Eastern and Western esoteric traditions, emphasizing mystical insight, reincarnation, and the pursuit of universal spiritual truths.
-
B.
Cuban Espiritismo
Cuban Espiritismo is a syncretic Afro-Caribbean spiritual tradition that blends Spiritist beliefs with African, Indigenous, and Catholic elements, focusing on communication with spirits for guidance and healing.
-
C.
Scientology
Scientology is a controversial modern religion founded by L. Ron Hubbard that combines elements of self-help, science fiction, and spiritual counseling practices.
-
D.
Marian apparitions
Marian apparitions are reported supernatural appearances of the Virgin Mary, often associated with religious messages, miracles, and the development of popular Catholic devotions.
-
E.
Puerto Rican Espiritismo
Puerto Rican Espiritismo is a syncretic Afro-Caribbean spiritual tradition that blends Indigenous, African, and Catholic beliefs and practices centered on communication with spirits and healing.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Spiritualism Target entity description: Spiritualism is a religious and philosophical movement centered on the belief that the spirits of the dead can and do communicate with the living, often through mediums and séances.
-
A.
Theosophy
Theosophy is a spiritual and philosophical movement that blends Eastern and Western esoteric traditions, emphasizing mystical insight, reincarnation, and the pursuit of universal spiritual truths.
-
B.
Cuban Espiritismo
Cuban Espiritismo is a syncretic Afro-Caribbean spiritual tradition that blends Spiritist beliefs with African, Indigenous, and Catholic elements, focusing on communication with spirits for guidance and healing.
-
C.
Scientology
Scientology is a controversial modern religion founded by L. Ron Hubbard that combines elements of self-help, science fiction, and spiritual counseling practices.
-
D.
Marian apparitions
Marian apparitions are reported supernatural appearances of the Virgin Mary, often associated with religious messages, miracles, and the development of popular Catholic devotions.
-
E.
Puerto Rican Espiritismo
Puerto Rican Espiritismo is a syncretic Afro-Caribbean spiritual tradition that blends Indigenous, African, and Catholic beliefs and practices centered on communication with spirits and healing.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (49)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
philosophical movement
ⓘ
religious movement ⓘ |
| criticizedFor | association with fraud and stage tricks ⓘ |
| emergedInCentury | 19th century ⓘ |
| emergedInRegion |
United Kingdom
ⓘ
United States of America ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| hasBelief |
human personality survives bodily death
ⓘ
moral and intellectual progression continues after death ⓘ spirits can provide guidance to the living ⓘ spirits exist in a non-physical realm ⓘ |
| hasCoreBelief | the spirits of the dead can communicate with the living ⓘ |
| hasDoctrine |
communication with spirit world
ⓘ
continuity of life ⓘ |
| hasEthic |
emphasis on moral responsibility
ⓘ
emphasis on personal spiritual development ⓘ |
| hasKeyEvent | Hydesville rappings ⓘ |
| hasKeyFigure |
Allan Kardec
ⓘ
Andrew Jackson Davis ⓘ Arthur Conan Doyle ⓘ Daniel Dunglas Home ⓘ Emma Hardinge Britten ⓘ Fox sisters ⓘ Leonora Piper ⓘ William Crookes ⓘ |
| hasOrganization |
National Spiritualist Association of Churches
ⓘ
Society for Psychical Research ⓘ Spiritualists' National Union ⓘ |
| hasPractice |
automatic writing
ⓘ
mediumship ⓘ spirit photography ⓘ séances ⓘ trance speaking ⓘ |
| hasRitual |
platform mediumship
ⓘ
private sitting ⓘ public demonstration of mediumship ⓘ |
| hasRitualSpace |
Spiritualism
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
Spiritualist church
|
| hasText |
The Gospel According to Spiritism
ⓘ
The Mediums Book ⓘ The Spirits Book ⓘ |
| influencedBy |
Christianity
ⓘ
Enlightenment ideas ⓘ Mesmerism ⓘ occultism ⓘ |
| opposedBy |
skeptics
ⓘ
some Christian denominations ⓘ |
| relatedMovement |
New Age
ⓘ
Spiritualism self-linksurface differs ⓘ
surface form:
Spiritism
Theosophy ⓘ |
| studiedBy | psychical researchers ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Spiritualism Description of subject: Spiritualism is a religious and philosophical movement centered on the belief that the spirits of the dead can and do communicate with the living, often through mediums and séances.
Referenced by (21)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Spiritism
this entity surface form:
Kardecist Spiritism
this entity surface form:
Kardecist Spiritism
this entity surface form:
French Spiritism of Allan Kardec
this entity surface form:
Spiritism
this entity surface form:
Espiritismo
this entity surface form:
French spiritualism
this entity surface form:
Spiritism
this entity surface form:
Spiritism (associated)
subject surface form:
Southern Brazil
this entity surface form:
Spiritism
this entity surface form:
Spiritism
this entity surface form:
Spiritualist church
this entity surface form:
Spiritism
this entity surface form:
Spiritism
this entity surface form:
American spiritualist movement
this entity surface form:
Spiritism
this entity surface form:
Kardecist Spiritism
this entity surface form:
Spiritism
this entity surface form:
Spiritism
this entity surface form:
Spiritism