Title IX
E19711
Title IX is a landmark U.S. federal civil rights law enacted in 1972 that prohibits sex-based discrimination in any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance.
All labels observed (13)
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T162203 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Title IX Context triple: [Rice Owls, genderEquityCompliance, Title IX]
-
A.
Title IX
Title IX of the USA PATRIOT Act is a section of the 2001 anti-terrorism legislation that focuses on improving intelligence gathering and information sharing to combat terrorism.
-
B.
Title IX of the Social Security Act
Title IX of the Social Security Act is the federal statutory framework that established the unemployment compensation system in cooperation with the states as part of the New Deal social welfare reforms.
-
C.
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a landmark U.S. federal law that prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
-
D.
Title IX—National Intelligence Academy
Title IX—National Intelligence Academy is a section of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 that establishes provisions for creating and supporting a national academy to train and professionalize U.S. intelligence personnel.
-
E.
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke is a landmark 1978 U.S. Supreme Court case that struck down rigid racial quotas in university admissions while upholding the constitutionality of using race as one factor among many to foster diversity.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Title IX Target entity description: Title IX is a landmark U.S. federal civil rights law enacted in 1972 that prohibits sex-based discrimination in any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance.
-
A.
Title IX
Title IX of the USA PATRIOT Act is a section of the 2001 anti-terrorism legislation that focuses on improving intelligence gathering and information sharing to combat terrorism.
-
B.
Title IX of the Social Security Act
Title IX of the Social Security Act is the federal statutory framework that established the unemployment compensation system in cooperation with the states as part of the New Deal social welfare reforms.
-
C.
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a landmark U.S. federal law that prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
-
D.
Title IX—National Intelligence Academy
Title IX—National Intelligence Academy is a section of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 that establishes provisions for creating and supporting a national academy to train and professionalize U.S. intelligence personnel.
-
E.
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke is a landmark 1978 U.S. Supreme Court case that struck down rigid racial quotas in university admissions while upholding the constitutionality of using race as one factor among many to foster diversity.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (50)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
United States federal civil rights law
ⓘ
anti-discrimination law ⓘ education law ⓘ |
| allows |
administrative enforcement
ⓘ
private right of action ⓘ |
| appliesTo |
K–12 schools
ⓘ
colleges ⓘ education activity receiving federal financial assistance ⓘ education program receiving federal financial assistance ⓘ educational institutions receiving federal financial assistance ⓘ private schools receiving federal funds ⓘ professional education programs ⓘ public schools ⓘ universities ⓘ vocational education programs ⓘ |
| codifiedIn | 20 U.S.C. § 1681 et seq. ⓘ |
| country |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| enactedBy | United States Congress ⓘ |
| enactmentDate | 1972-06-23 ⓘ |
| enforcedBy |
Office for Civil Rights
ⓘ
United States Department of Education ⓘ
surface form:
U.S. Department of Education
federal agencies providing financial assistance ⓘ |
| fullName |
Title IX
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972
|
| influenced |
equal opportunity in admissions
ⓘ
equal opportunity in financial aid ⓘ equal treatment in academic programs ⓘ gender equity in athletics ⓘ institutional policies on sexual harassment ⓘ |
| jurisdiction | federally funded educational institutions in the United States ⓘ |
| language | English ⓘ |
| legalBasis |
Taxing and Spending Clause
ⓘ
surface form:
Spending Clause of the U.S. Constitution
|
| notableCase |
Bostock v. Clayton County
ⓘ
surface form:
Bostock v. Clayton County (interpretive influence on sex discrimination
Cannon v. University of Chicago ⓘ Davis v. Monroe County Board of Education ⓘ Franklin v. Gwinnett County Public Schools ⓘ Gebser v. Lago Vista Independent School District ⓘ Grove City College v. Bell ⓘ Jackson v. Birmingham Board of Education ⓘ |
| partOf | Education Amendments of 1972 ⓘ |
| primaryGoal | eliminate sex-based discrimination in federally funded education ⓘ |
| prohibits |
gender-based discrimination
ⓘ
pregnancy discrimination in education ⓘ retaliation for asserting Title IX rights ⓘ sex discrimination ⓘ sexual harassment in education ⓘ sexual violence in education ⓘ |
| sectionNumber | Title IX self-link ⓘ |
| signedBy | Richard Nixon ⓘ |
| signingPresident | Richard Nixon ⓘ |
| subjectMatter | sex equality in education ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Title IX Description of subject: Title IX is a landmark U.S. federal civil rights law enacted in 1972 that prohibits sex-based discrimination in any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance.
Referenced by (42)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 (as enforced through coordination and review)
this entity surface form:
Title IX legislation
this entity surface form:
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972
this entity surface form:
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972
this entity surface form:
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972
this entity surface form:
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972
this entity surface form:
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972
this entity surface form:
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972
this entity surface form:
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972
this entity surface form:
Title IX regulations
this entity surface form:
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972
this entity surface form:
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972
this entity surface form:
Title IX regulations on athletics equity
this entity surface form:
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972
this entity surface form:
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972
this entity surface form:
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972
this entity surface form:
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972
this entity surface form:
Title IX is enforced through an implied private right of action for damages.
this entity surface form:
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972
this entity surface form:
Title IX peer sexual harassment claims
this entity surface form:
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972
this entity surface form:
The Supreme Court granted certiorari to resolve whether Title IX covers retaliation claims
subject surface form:
Office for Civil Rights
this entity surface form:
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972
this entity surface form:
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972
this entity surface form:
Title IX in the United States
this entity surface form:
Title IX regulations
this entity surface form:
Title IX gender equity regulations
subject surface form:
NCAA member institution
this entity surface form:
Title IX regulations
this entity surface form:
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972
this entity surface form:
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 (sex discrimination in education)