Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.
E19033
Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. was a long-serving U.S. Supreme Court Justice and influential legal thinker known for his contributions to American common law and free speech jurisprudence.
All labels observed (5)
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T53860 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. Context triple: [Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr., child, Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.]
-
A.
Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.
Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr. was a 19th-century American physician, poet, and essayist known for his wit, literary works, and contributions to medical reform.
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B.
Justice Benjamin N. Cardozo
Justice Benjamin N. Cardozo was a highly influential Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court known for his progressive jurisprudence and landmark opinions shaping constitutional and common law in the early 20th century.
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C.
Paul G. Kirk
Paul G. Kirk is an American lawyer and Democratic politician who served as interim U.S. Senator from Massachusetts following the death of Edward M. Kennedy.
-
D.
Blackmun
Blackmun refers to the nominative reports of U.S. Supreme Court decisions compiled by Justice Harry A. Blackmun, whose name is used as a citation reference in the United States Reports.
-
E.
John Marshall
John Marshall was the fourth Chief Justice of the United States, whose landmark opinions, especially in Marbury v. Madison, established the principle of judicial review and greatly strengthened the Supreme Court’s authority.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. Target entity description: Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. was a long-serving U.S. Supreme Court Justice and influential legal thinker known for his contributions to American common law and free speech jurisprudence.
-
A.
Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.
Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr. was a 19th-century American physician, poet, and essayist known for his wit, literary works, and contributions to medical reform.
-
B.
Justice Benjamin N. Cardozo
Justice Benjamin N. Cardozo was a highly influential Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court known for his progressive jurisprudence and landmark opinions shaping constitutional and common law in the early 20th century.
-
C.
Paul G. Kirk
Paul G. Kirk is an American lawyer and Democratic politician who served as interim U.S. Senator from Massachusetts following the death of Edward M. Kennedy.
-
D.
Blackmun
Blackmun refers to the nominative reports of U.S. Supreme Court decisions compiled by Justice Harry A. Blackmun, whose name is used as a citation reference in the United States Reports.
-
E.
John Marshall
John Marshall was the fourth Chief Justice of the United States, whose landmark opinions, especially in Marbury v. Madison, established the principle of judicial review and greatly strengthened the Supreme Court’s authority.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (49)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
ⓘ
human ⓘ jurist ⓘ legal scholar ⓘ veteran ⓘ |
| appointedBy | Theodore Roosevelt ⓘ |
| burialPlace | Arlington National Cemetery ⓘ |
| conflict | American Civil War ⓘ |
| countryOfCitizenship | United States of America ⓘ |
| dateOfBirth | 1841-03-08 ⓘ |
| dateOfDeath | 1935-03-06 ⓘ |
| educatedAt |
Harvard University
ⓘ
surface form:
Harvard College
Harvard Law School ⓘ |
| endTime | 1932-01-12 ⓘ |
| familyName | Holmes ⓘ |
| father | Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr. ⓘ |
| fieldOfWork |
American common law
ⓘ
constitutional law ⓘ freedom of speech jurisprudence ⓘ |
| fullName | Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. self-link ⓘ |
| givenName | Oliver ⓘ |
| honorificSuffix | Jr. ⓘ |
| influenced |
legal realism
ⓘ
surface form:
American legal realism
First Amendment jurisprudence ⓘ |
| languageOfWorkOrName | English ⓘ |
| memberOf |
Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court
ⓘ
Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ |
| militaryBranch | Union Army ⓘ |
| mother | Amelia Lee Jackson ⓘ |
| movement | legal realism ⓘ |
| notableIdea |
"marketplace of ideas" metaphor in free speech
ⓘ
clear and present danger test ⓘ |
| notableWork |
Schenck v. United States
ⓘ
surface form:
"Clear and present danger" doctrine
Abrams v. United States ⓘ
surface form:
Abrams v. United States dissent
Buck v. Bell opinion ⓘ Lochner v. New York ⓘ
surface form:
Lochner v. New York dissent
Schenck v. United States ⓘ
surface form:
Schenck v. United States opinion
The Common Law ⓘ |
| occupation |
judge
ⓘ
lawyer ⓘ legal scholar ⓘ |
| placeOfBirth |
Boston, Massachusetts
ⓘ
surface form:
Boston, Massachusetts, United States
|
| placeOfDeath |
Washington, D.C.
ⓘ
surface form:
Washington, D.C., United States
|
| positionHeld |
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
ⓘ
Chief Justice ⓘ
surface form:
Chief Justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court
|
| residence |
Boston, Massachusetts
ⓘ
surface form:
Boston, Massachusetts, United States
Washington, D.C. ⓘ
surface form:
Washington, D.C., United States
|
| spouse | Fanny Bowditch Dixwell ⓘ |
| startTime | 1902-12-04 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. Description of subject: Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. was a long-serving U.S. Supreme Court Justice and influential legal thinker known for his contributions to American common law and free speech jurisprudence.
Referenced by (38)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
subject surface form:
Benjamin N. Cardozo
this entity surface form:
Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. in The Magnificent Yankee
this entity surface form:
Portrait of Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.
this entity surface form:
Mr. Justice Holmes (biography)
this entity surface form:
Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.
this entity surface form:
Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.