McDonald v. City of Chicago
E177752
Second Amendment case
United States Supreme Court case
incorporation doctrine case
landmark decision
McDonald v. City of Chicago is a 2010 U.S. Supreme Court decision that held the Second Amendment right to keep and bear arms applies to state and local governments through the Fourteenth Amendment.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| McDonald v. City of Chicago canonical | 6 |
| McDonald et al. v. City of Chicago, Illinois, et al. | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T1538944 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: McDonald v. City of Chicago Context triple: [Incorporation doctrine, keyCase, McDonald v. City of Chicago]
-
A.
McDonald v. Smith
McDonald v. Smith is a 1985 U.S. Supreme Court case that held the First Amendment’s Petition Clause does not grant absolute immunity from libel suits for statements made in petitions to government officials.
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B.
National Socialist Party of America v. Village of Skokie
National Socialist Party of America v. Village of Skokie is a landmark 1977 U.S. Supreme Court case that affirmed the First Amendment rights of a neo-Nazi group to march in a predominantly Jewish community despite widespread opposition.
-
C.
Citizens to Preserve Overton Park v. Volpe
Citizens to Preserve Overton Park v. Volpe is a landmark 1971 U.S. Supreme Court case that significantly limited federal agencies’ discretion in approving highway construction through public parks and strengthened judicial review of administrative decisions.
-
D.
Fulton v. City of Philadelphia
Fulton v. City of Philadelphia is a 2021 U.S. Supreme Court case in which the Court unanimously ruled that Philadelphia violated a Catholic foster care agency’s religious freedom by excluding it from the foster program over its refusal to certify same-sex couples.
-
E.
Escobedo v. Illinois
Escobedo v. Illinois is a landmark 1964 U.S. Supreme Court case that expanded the Sixth Amendment right to counsel during police interrogations and helped lay the groundwork for the later Miranda warnings.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: McDonald v. City of Chicago Target entity description: McDonald v. City of Chicago is a 2010 U.S. Supreme Court decision that held the Second Amendment right to keep and bear arms applies to state and local governments through the Fourteenth Amendment.
-
A.
McDonald v. Smith
McDonald v. Smith is a 1985 U.S. Supreme Court case that held the First Amendment’s Petition Clause does not grant absolute immunity from libel suits for statements made in petitions to government officials.
-
B.
National Socialist Party of America v. Village of Skokie
National Socialist Party of America v. Village of Skokie is a landmark 1977 U.S. Supreme Court case that affirmed the First Amendment rights of a neo-Nazi group to march in a predominantly Jewish community despite widespread opposition.
-
C.
Citizens to Preserve Overton Park v. Volpe
Citizens to Preserve Overton Park v. Volpe is a landmark 1971 U.S. Supreme Court case that significantly limited federal agencies’ discretion in approving highway construction through public parks and strengthened judicial review of administrative decisions.
-
D.
Fulton v. City of Philadelphia
Fulton v. City of Philadelphia is a 2021 U.S. Supreme Court case in which the Court unanimously ruled that Philadelphia violated a Catholic foster care agency’s religious freedom by excluding it from the foster program over its refusal to certify same-sex couples.
-
E.
Escobedo v. Illinois
Escobedo v. Illinois is a landmark 1964 U.S. Supreme Court case that expanded the Sixth Amendment right to counsel during police interrogations and helped lay the groundwork for the later Miranda warnings.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (50)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Second Amendment case
ⓘ
United States Supreme Court case ⓘ incorporation doctrine case ⓘ landmark decision ⓘ |
| areaOfLaw |
civil rights
ⓘ
constitutional law ⓘ gun rights ⓘ |
| arguedDate | March 2, 2010 ⓘ |
| citation | 561 U.S. 742 ⓘ |
| concurringInPartAndInJudgmentBy | Clarence Thomas ⓘ |
| constitutionalProvisionInterpreted |
Fourteenth Amendment
ⓘ
surface form:
Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
Second Amendment to the United States Constitution ⓘ |
| court | Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ |
| decisionDate | June 28, 2010 ⓘ |
| decisionType | 5–4 decision ⓘ |
| dissentingJustices |
John Paul Stevens
ⓘ
Ruth Bader Ginsburg ⓘ Sonia Sotomayor ⓘ Stephen G. Breyer ⓘ |
| docketNumber | 08-1521 ⓘ |
| followedBy | subsequent Second Amendment challenges to state and local gun regulations ⓘ |
| fourteenthAmendmentClauseUsed | Due Process Clause ⓘ |
| fullName |
McDonald v. City of Chicago
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
McDonald et al. v. City of Chicago, Illinois, et al.
|
| holding |
The Second Amendment applies to state and local governments through the Fourteenth Amendment
ⓘ
The Second Amendment right to keep and bear arms is fully applicable to the states ⓘ |
| incorporationDoctrine | selective incorporation ⓘ |
| jurisdiction |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| legalIssue | whether the Second Amendment is incorporated against the states ⓘ |
| litigationStarted | 2008 ⓘ |
| majorityOpinionBy | Samuel A. Alito Jr. ⓘ |
| originatingCourt | United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit ⓘ |
| overturnedLaw |
Chicago handgun ban
ⓘ
Oak Park, Illinois handgun ban ⓘ |
| petitioner | Otis McDonald ⓘ |
| pluralityJustices |
Anthony M. Kennedy
ⓘ
Antonin Scalia ⓘ John G. Roberts Jr. ⓘ Samuel A. Alito Jr. ⓘ |
| precedentReliedOn | District of Columbia v. Heller ⓘ |
| relatedConcept |
incorporation of the Bill of Rights
ⓘ
individual right to keep and bear arms ⓘ |
| reporter | United States Reports ⓘ |
| respondent | City of Chicago ⓘ |
| rightCharacterization | fundamental right ⓘ |
| seventhCircuitHolding | Second Amendment not incorporated against the states ⓘ |
| subsequentImpact |
extended Heller’s Second Amendment protections beyond federal enclaves
ⓘ
limited ability of states and municipalities to ban handguns ⓘ |
| supremeCourtActionOnSeventhCircuit | reversed ⓘ |
| volume | 561 ⓘ |
| year | 2010 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: McDonald v. City of Chicago Description of subject: McDonald v. City of Chicago is a 2010 U.S. Supreme Court decision that held the Second Amendment right to keep and bear arms applies to state and local governments through the Fourteenth Amendment.
Referenced by (7)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
Second Amendment to the United States Constitution
→
hasLandmarkCase
→
McDonald v. City of Chicago
ⓘ
this entity surface form:
McDonald et al. v. City of Chicago, Illinois, et al.