Max Perutz
E16912
Max Perutz was an Austrian-British molecular biologist and Nobel laureate renowned for pioneering X-ray crystallography studies of hemoglobin and helping to found the field of molecular biology.
All labels observed (3)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Max Perutz canonical | 12 |
| Max Ferdinand Perutz | 1 |
| Perutz | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T97277 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Max Perutz Context triple: [Cavendish Laboratory, associatedWithPerson, Max Perutz]
-
A.
Dorothy Hodgkin
Dorothy Hodgkin was a British chemist and Nobel laureate renowned for advancing X-ray crystallography and determining the structures of vital biomolecules such as penicillin, vitamin B12, and insulin.
-
B.
Francis Crick
Francis Crick was a British molecular biologist best known as co-discoverer of the DNA double-helix structure, a breakthrough that transformed modern genetics and earned him a Nobel Prize.
-
C.
Christopher Longuet-Higgins
Christopher Longuet-Higgins was a British theoretical chemist and cognitive scientist known for his influential work in artificial intelligence and the study of human perception and cognition.
-
D.
James Watson
James Watson is an American molecular biologist best known as a co-discoverer of the DNA double-helix structure and a Nobel Prize laureate in Physiology or Medicine.
-
E.
Arthur Geoffrey Walker
Arthur Geoffrey Walker was a British mathematician and physicist best known for his foundational contributions to relativistic cosmology, particularly the development of the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) metric.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Max Perutz Target entity description: Max Perutz was an Austrian-British molecular biologist and Nobel laureate renowned for pioneering X-ray crystallography studies of hemoglobin and helping to found the field of molecular biology.
-
A.
Dorothy Hodgkin
Dorothy Hodgkin was a British chemist and Nobel laureate renowned for advancing X-ray crystallography and determining the structures of vital biomolecules such as penicillin, vitamin B12, and insulin.
-
B.
Francis Crick
Francis Crick was a British molecular biologist best known as co-discoverer of the DNA double-helix structure, a breakthrough that transformed modern genetics and earned him a Nobel Prize.
-
C.
Christopher Longuet-Higgins
Christopher Longuet-Higgins was a British theoretical chemist and cognitive scientist known for his influential work in artificial intelligence and the study of human perception and cognition.
-
D.
James Watson
James Watson is an American molecular biologist best known as a co-discoverer of the DNA double-helix structure and a Nobel Prize laureate in Physiology or Medicine.
-
E.
Arthur Geoffrey Walker
Arthur Geoffrey Walker was a British mathematician and physicist best known for his foundational contributions to relativistic cosmology, particularly the development of the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) metric.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (50)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Nobel laureate in Chemistry
ⓘ
biophysicist ⓘ human ⓘ molecular biologist ⓘ |
| awardReceived |
Copley Medal
ⓘ
Nobel Prize in Chemistry (through its scientists) ⓘ
surface form:
Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Order of Merit ⓘ
surface form:
Order of Merit (United Kingdom)
Royal Medal ⓘ |
| birthDate | 1914-05-19 ⓘ |
| birthPlace |
Vienna
ⓘ
surface form:
Vienna, Austria-Hungary
|
| causeOfDeath | cancer ⓘ |
| coFounded |
MRC LMB
ⓘ
surface form:
Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology
|
| countryOfCitizenship |
Austria
ⓘ
United Kingdom ⓘ |
| deathDate | 2002-02-06 ⓘ |
| educatedAt |
Cambridge University
ⓘ
surface form:
University of Cambridge
University of Vienna ⓘ |
| employer |
Cavendish Laboratory
ⓘ
surface form:
Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge
Medical Research Council ⓘ
surface form:
Medical Research Council (United Kingdom)
|
| familyName |
Max Perutz
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
Perutz
|
| fieldOfWork |
Röntgen radiation
ⓘ
surface form:
X-ray crystallography
biochemistry ⓘ molecular biology ⓘ structural biology ⓘ |
| fullName |
Max Perutz
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
Max Ferdinand Perutz
|
| givenName | Max ⓘ |
| knownFor |
elucidating the structure of hemoglobin
ⓘ
founding contributions to molecular biology ⓘ pioneering X-ray crystallographic studies of hemoglobin ⓘ |
| languageSpoken |
English
ⓘ
German ⓘ |
| memberOf |
American Academy of Arts and Sciences
ⓘ
Pontifical Academy of Sciences ⓘ Royal Society ⓘ |
| nobelPrizeCategory | Chemistry ⓘ |
| nobelPrizeMotivation | for their studies of the structures of globular proteins ⓘ |
| nobelPrizeYear | 1962 ⓘ |
| notableStudent |
Hugh Huxley
ⓘ
John Kendrew ⓘ |
| positionHeld |
Chairman of the Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology
ⓘ
Head of the MRC Unit for Molecular Biology in Cambridge ⓘ |
| researchSubject |
allosteric regulation of hemoglobin
ⓘ
hemoglobin ⓘ protein structure ⓘ |
| residence | Cambridge, England ⓘ |
| sharedNobelPrizeWith | John Kendrew ⓘ |
| spouse | Gisela Clara Mathilde Peiser ⓘ |
| usedMethod |
X-ray diffraction
ⓘ
isomorphous replacement in crystallography ⓘ |
| workInstitution |
MRC LMB
ⓘ
surface form:
Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge
|
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Max Perutz Description of subject: Max Perutz was an Austrian-British molecular biologist and Nobel laureate renowned for pioneering X-ray crystallography studies of hemoglobin and helping to found the field of molecular biology.
Referenced by (14)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Max Ferdinand Perutz
this entity surface form:
Perutz