Psamtik III
E164161
Psamtik III was the last pharaoh of Egypt’s 26th Dynasty, whose brief reign ended with the Persian conquest under Cambyses II.
All labels observed (7)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Psamtik III canonical | 12 |
| Pharaoh Psamtik III | 1 |
| Psametik III | 1 |
| Psammetichus III | 1 |
| Psammetichus III of Egypt | 1 |
| Psamtik | 1 |
| Psamtik III of Egypt | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T1378763 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Psamtik III Context triple: [Late Period of Egypt, notableRuler, Psamtik III]
-
A.
Psamtik II
Psamtik II was a pharaoh of Egypt’s 26th Dynasty known for his military campaigns, especially against Nubia, and for consolidating Saite power.
-
B.
Psamtik I
Psamtik I was a 7th-century BCE pharaoh who reunified Egypt and founded the Saite (26th) Dynasty, ushering in a period of political stability and cultural revival.
-
C.
Necho II
Necho II was a late 7th–early 6th century BCE pharaoh of Egypt’s 26th Dynasty, best known for his military campaigns against the Babylonians and his ambitious canal and naval projects.
-
D.
Cambyses II
Cambyses II was a king of the Achaemenid Persian Empire, best known for succeeding Cyrus the Great and conquering Egypt in the 6th century BCE.
-
E.
Ramesses III
Ramesses III was a prominent New Kingdom pharaoh of Egypt, known for defending the country against foreign invasions and overseeing extensive building projects before his reign marked the beginning of Egypt’s gradual decline.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Psamtik III Target entity description: Psamtik III was the last pharaoh of Egypt’s 26th Dynasty, whose brief reign ended with the Persian conquest under Cambyses II.
-
A.
Psamtik II
Psamtik II was a pharaoh of Egypt’s 26th Dynasty known for his military campaigns, especially against Nubia, and for consolidating Saite power.
-
B.
Psamtik I
Psamtik I was a 7th-century BCE pharaoh who reunified Egypt and founded the Saite (26th) Dynasty, ushering in a period of political stability and cultural revival.
-
C.
Necho II
Necho II was a late 7th–early 6th century BCE pharaoh of Egypt’s 26th Dynasty, best known for his military campaigns against the Babylonians and his ambitious canal and naval projects.
-
D.
Cambyses II
Cambyses II was a king of the Achaemenid Persian Empire, best known for succeeding Cyrus the Great and conquering Egypt in the 6th century BCE.
-
E.
Ramesses III
Ramesses III was a prominent New Kingdom pharaoh of Egypt, known for defending the country against foreign invasions and overseeing extensive building projects before his reign marked the beginning of Egypt’s gradual decline.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (45)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
ancient Egyptian pharaoh
ⓘ
human ⓘ monarch ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs |
Psamtik III
ⓘ
surface form:
Psametik III
Psamtik III ⓘ
surface form:
Psammetichus III
Psamtik III ⓘ
surface form:
Psammetichus III of Egypt
|
| associatedWith |
Saite Dynasty
ⓘ
surface form:
Saite Period
|
| battle | Battle of Pelusium ⓘ |
| belongsToPeriod | Achaemenid–Egyptian conflicts ⓘ |
| capitalCity | Sais ⓘ |
| capturedBy | Cambyses II ⓘ |
| conflict | First Persian conquest of Egypt ⓘ |
| country |
Pharaonic Egypt
ⓘ
surface form:
Ancient Egypt
|
| culture | ancient Egyptian ⓘ |
| deathCause | execution or forced suicide (accounts vary) ⓘ |
| deathPlace | Persian-controlled Egypt ⓘ |
| defeatedBy | Cambyses II ⓘ |
| dynasty | Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt ⓘ |
| endOf | independent Saite kingdom in Egypt ⓘ |
| era |
Late Period of Egypt
ⓘ
surface form:
Late Period of ancient Egypt
|
| father | Amasis II ⓘ |
| givenName |
Psamtik III
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
Psamtik
|
| historicalSource | Herodotus ⓘ |
| language |
Egyptian language family
ⓘ
surface form:
Egyptian language
|
| lastNativePharaohBefore | first Persian conquest of Egypt ⓘ |
| lastRulerOf | Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt ⓘ |
| mother | Tentkheta ⓘ |
| notableFor |
being the last pharaoh of the Saite (26th) Dynasty
ⓘ
losing Egypt’s independence to the Achaemenid Empire ⓘ |
| opponent | Cambyses II ⓘ |
| overthrownBy |
Achaemenid Empire
ⓘ
Cambyses II ⓘ |
| positionHeld |
King of Upper and Lower Egypt
ⓘ
Pharaoh ⓘ
surface form:
Pharaoh of Egypt
|
| predecessor | Amasis II ⓘ |
| regionRuled | Nile Valley ⓘ |
| reignDuration | about 6 months ⓘ |
| reignEnd | 525 BC ⓘ |
| reignStart | 526 BC ⓘ |
| religion | ancient Egyptian religion ⓘ |
| royalHouse | Saite Dynasty ⓘ |
| successor |
Achaemenid Persian rule in Egypt
ⓘ
Cambyses II ⓘ |
| title |
King of Upper and Lower Egypt
ⓘ
Pharaoh ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Psamtik III Description of subject: Psamtik III was the last pharaoh of Egypt’s 26th Dynasty, whose brief reign ended with the Persian conquest under Cambyses II.
Referenced by (18)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
subject surface form:
Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt
this entity surface form:
Psamtik
this entity surface form:
Psammetichus III
this entity surface form:
Psametik III
this entity surface form:
Psammetichus III of Egypt
this entity surface form:
Pharaoh Psamtik III
this entity surface form:
Psamtik III of Egypt