Bretton Woods system
E1144
The Bretton Woods system was a post–World War II international monetary order in which major currencies were pegged to the U.S. dollar, and the dollar was convertible to gold, creating a fixed exchange rate regime that lasted until the early 1970s.
All labels observed (10)
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T5360 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Bretton Woods system Context triple: [US dollar, historicalStandard, Bretton Woods system]
-
A.
Marshall Plan
The Marshall Plan was a massive U.S.-led economic aid program launched after World War II to rebuild and stabilize war-torn European countries and contain the spread of communism.
-
B.
Truman Doctrine
The Truman Doctrine was a U.S. foreign policy announced in 1947 that committed the United States to providing political, military, and economic assistance to countries threatened by communism, marking the start of the Cold War containment strategy.
-
C.
Point Four Program
The Point Four Program was a U.S. foreign aid initiative launched in 1949 to provide technical assistance and economic development support to poorer countries as part of Cold War-era efforts to promote stability and counter communism.
-
D.
US dollar
The US dollar is the official currency of the United States and the world’s primary reserve currency used widely in global trade and finance.
-
E.
International Monetary Fund headquarters
The International Monetary Fund headquarters is the main administrative and operational center of the IMF, located in Washington, D.C., where global financial stability and economic policy coordination are overseen.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Bretton Woods system Target entity description: The Bretton Woods system was a post–World War II international monetary order in which major currencies were pegged to the U.S. dollar, and the dollar was convertible to gold, creating a fixed exchange rate regime that lasted until the early 1970s.
-
A.
Marshall Plan
The Marshall Plan was a massive U.S.-led economic aid program launched after World War II to rebuild and stabilize war-torn European countries and contain the spread of communism.
-
B.
Truman Doctrine
The Truman Doctrine was a U.S. foreign policy announced in 1947 that committed the United States to providing political, military, and economic assistance to countries threatened by communism, marking the start of the Cold War containment strategy.
-
C.
Point Four Program
The Point Four Program was a U.S. foreign aid initiative launched in 1949 to provide technical assistance and economic development support to poorer countries as part of Cold War-era efforts to promote stability and counter communism.
-
D.
US dollar
The US dollar is the official currency of the United States and the world’s primary reserve currency used widely in global trade and finance.
-
E.
International Monetary Fund headquarters
The International Monetary Fund headquarters is the main administrative and operational center of the IMF, located in Washington, D.C., where global financial stability and economic policy coordination are overseen.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (52)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
fixed exchange rate regime
ⓘ
international monetary system ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs |
Bretton Woods system
ⓘ
surface form:
Bretton Woods monetary system
|
| appliesToJurisdiction |
International Monetary Fund member states
ⓘ
Japan ⓘ United Kingdom ⓘ United States of America ⓘ
surface form:
United States
Western Europe ⓘ |
| basedOn |
US dollar
ⓘ
surface form:
U.S. dollar
gold convertibility of the U.S. dollar ⓘ |
| concludedAt |
Bretton Woods system
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
Bretton Woods Conference
|
| countryOfEvent |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| creator | United States government ⓘ |
| dissolvedBecauseOf |
U.S. balance of payments deficits
ⓘ
growing dollar overhang ⓘ suspension of dollar–gold convertibility in 1971 ⓘ |
| endTime |
1971
ⓘ
early 1970s ⓘ |
| exchangeRateAnchor |
US dollar
ⓘ
surface form:
U.S. dollar
gold ⓘ |
| feature |
IMF oversight of exchange rate adjustments
ⓘ
U.S. dollar convertible into gold at a fixed price ⓘ capital controls in many member countries ⓘ par value system for exchange rates ⓘ |
| followedBy | post–Bretton Woods floating exchange rate system ⓘ |
| goal |
avoid competitive devaluations
ⓘ
facilitate balanced growth of international trade ⓘ promote international monetary stability ⓘ |
| goldPrice | 35 U.S. dollars per troy ounce of gold ⓘ |
| hasEffect |
created a fixed exchange rate regime
ⓘ
facilitated postwar reconstruction and trade expansion ⓘ limited exchange rate flexibility ⓘ pegged major currencies to the U.S. dollar ⓘ promoted exchange rate stability ⓘ |
| hasPart |
World Bank
ⓘ
surface form:
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
International Monetary Fund ⓘ World Bank ⓘ |
| inception | 1944 ⓘ |
| influencedBy |
Harry Dexter White
ⓘ
John Maynard Keynes ⓘ |
| legalForm | international agreement ⓘ |
| monetaryPolicyRegime | fixed but adjustable exchange rates ⓘ |
| namedAfter | Bretton Woods, New Hampshire ⓘ |
| participant |
44 Allied nations
ⓘ
United Kingdom ⓘ United States of America ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| pointInTime | July 1944 ⓘ |
| replaced |
interwar competitive devaluation regime
ⓘ
interwar gold exchange standard practices ⓘ |
| significantEvent |
Bretton Woods system
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
Nixon shock
|
| startTime |
1944
ⓘ
post–World War II era ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Bretton Woods system Description of subject: The Bretton Woods system was a post–World War II international monetary order in which major currencies were pegged to the U.S. dollar, and the dollar was convertible to gold, creating a fixed exchange rate regime that lasted until the early 1970s.
Referenced by (21)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Bretton Woods monetary system
this entity surface form:
Nixon shock
this entity surface form:
Bretton Woods Conference
this entity surface form:
Bretton Woods Conference
this entity surface form:
Bretton Woods Conference
this entity surface form:
United States Gold Standard
this entity surface form:
Bretton Woods negotiations
this entity surface form:
Bretton Woods gold exchange standard
this entity surface form:
Bretton Woods system of fixed exchange rates
this entity surface form:
Bretton Woods gold–exchange standard era
this entity surface form:
Bretton Woods system of fixed exchange rates
this entity surface form:
Bretton Woods institutional framework