Quercus ilex
E1039663
Quercus ilex, commonly known as the holm oak or holly oak, is an evergreen oak tree native to the Mediterranean region, valued for its hard wood and drought tolerance.
All labels observed (4)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Quercus ilex canonical | 5 |
| Quercus ilex subsp. ballota | 1 |
| Quercus ilex subsp. ilex | 1 |
| holm oak (Quercus ilex) | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T13396836 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Quercus ilex Context triple: [Quercus, hasSpecies, Quercus ilex]
-
A.
Pyrenean oak
The Pyrenean oak is a deciduous oak tree native to southwestern Europe, particularly the Iberian Peninsula, known for its rugged mountain habitats and importance in Mediterranean and montane forest ecosystems.
-
B.
Quercus
Quercus is a large genus of trees and shrubs commonly known as oaks, widespread in the Northern Hemisphere and ecologically important for their hardwood and acorn production.
-
C.
Quercus
Quercus is a British publishing company known for its fiction and non-fiction titles, including award-winning and bestselling works.
-
D.
Ilex canariensis
Ilex canariensis is a broadleaf evergreen tree species native to the Canary Islands, commonly found in the archipelago’s humid laurel forests.
-
E.
Guernica oak
The Guernica oak is a historic tree in Gernika, Spain, symbolizing the traditional freedoms and political autonomy of the Basque people.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Quercus ilex Target entity description: Quercus ilex, commonly known as the holm oak or holly oak, is an evergreen oak tree native to the Mediterranean region, valued for its hard wood and drought tolerance.
-
A.
Pyrenean oak
The Pyrenean oak is a deciduous oak tree native to southwestern Europe, particularly the Iberian Peninsula, known for its rugged mountain habitats and importance in Mediterranean and montane forest ecosystems.
-
B.
Quercus
Quercus is a large genus of trees and shrubs commonly known as oaks, widespread in the Northern Hemisphere and ecologically important for their hardwood and acorn production.
-
C.
Quercus
Quercus is a British publishing company known for its fiction and non-fiction titles, including award-winning and bestselling works.
-
D.
Ilex canariensis
Ilex canariensis is a broadleaf evergreen tree species native to the Canary Islands, commonly found in the archipelago’s humid laurel forests.
-
E.
Guernica oak
The Guernica oak is a historic tree in Gernika, Spain, symbolizing the traditional freedoms and political autonomy of the Basque people.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (51)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
angiosperm
ⓘ
evergreen oak ⓘ species of tree ⓘ |
| acornUse |
livestock fodder
ⓘ
wildlife food ⓘ |
| barkColor | dark gray to blackish ⓘ |
| barkTexture | rough ⓘ |
| binomialName | Quercus ilex ⓘ |
| commonName |
holly oak
ⓘ
holm oak ⓘ |
| crownShape | dense rounded crown ⓘ |
| describedBy | Carl Linnaeus ⓘ |
| droughtTolerance | high ⓘ |
| ecologicalRole | dominant species in Mediterranean evergreen oak forests ⓘ |
| evergreen | true ⓘ |
| family |
Fagaceae
ⓘ
linked to:
oak family (Fagaceae)
|
| flowerType | unisexual flowers ⓘ |
| fruitType | acorn ⓘ |
| genus | Quercus ⓘ |
| habitat |
Mediterranean forests
ⓘ
linked to:
Mediterranean forests, woodlands and scrub
Mediterranean scrublands ⓘ maquis shrubland ⓘ |
| hasSubspecies |
Quercus ilex subsp. ballota
ⓘ
linked to:
Quercus ilex
Quercus ilex subsp. ilex ⓘ
linked to:
Quercus ilex
|
| height | up to about 20–25 meters ⓘ |
| kingdom | Plantae ⓘ |
| leafMargin | entire or spiny ⓘ |
| leafShape | elliptic to oblong ⓘ |
| leafType | sclerophyllous ⓘ |
| nativeTo |
Mediterranean region
ⓘ
linked to:
Mediterranean Basin
North Africa ⓘ Southern Europe ⓘ Western Asia ⓘ |
| order | Fagales ⓘ |
| pollination | wind-pollinated ⓘ |
| reproductiveType | monoecious ⓘ |
| seedDispersal | animals ⓘ |
| shadeTolerance | high ⓘ |
| taxonRank | species ⓘ |
| tolerates |
calcareous soils
ⓘ
poor soils ⓘ summer drought ⓘ |
| usedFor |
erosion control
ⓘ
ornamental tree ⓘ shade in Mediterranean landscapes ⓘ windbreaks ⓘ |
| woodHardness | hard ⓘ |
| woodUse |
charcoal production
ⓘ
firewood ⓘ timber ⓘ |
| yearDescribed | 1753 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Quercus ilex Description of subject: Quercus ilex, commonly known as the holm oak or holly oak, is an evergreen oak tree native to the Mediterranean region, valued for its hard wood and drought tolerance.
Referenced by (8)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
subject linked to:
El Pardo, Madrid, Spain
linked to: Quercus ilex
subject linked to:
Montseny Massif (part)
linked to: Quercus ilex
linked to: Quercus ilex