2013 global surveillance disclosures
E101809
The 2013 global surveillance disclosures were a series of revelations exposing extensive worldwide monitoring and data collection programs run primarily by the U.S. National Security Agency and its allies, based on classified documents leaked by Edward Snowden.
All labels observed (4)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| 2013 global surveillance disclosures canonical | 1 |
| NSA surveillance programs | 1 |
| NSA surveillance revelations | 1 |
| United States mass surveillance disclosures (2013) | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T861919 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: 2013 global surveillance disclosures Context triple: [Edward Snowden, notableEvent, 2013 global surveillance disclosures]
-
A.
XKeyscore
XKeyscore is a highly classified NSA surveillance system designed to search and analyze vast amounts of global internet and communications data in real time.
-
B.
United States v. Edward Snowden
United States v. Edward Snowden is the U.S. criminal case in which former NSA contractor Edward Snowden was charged for leaking classified surveillance documents, leading to international debates over government secrecy and privacy.
-
C.
USA FREEDOM Act
The USA FREEDOM Act is a 2015 U.S. law that reformed government surveillance authorities, notably curbing bulk collection of Americans’ phone records while renewing and modifying key intelligence-gathering powers.
-
D.
FISA Amendments Act of 2008
The FISA Amendments Act of 2008 is a U.S. law that expanded and updated government authority to conduct warrantless surveillance of foreign targets while providing legal protections for telecommunications companies assisting such intelligence activities.
-
E.
United States v. Chelsea Manning
United States v. Chelsea Manning was the high-profile court-martial of U.S. Army intelligence analyst Chelsea Manning for leaking classified documents to WikiLeaks, resulting in a landmark conviction under U.S. military and national security law.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: 2013 global surveillance disclosures Target entity description: The 2013 global surveillance disclosures were a series of revelations exposing extensive worldwide monitoring and data collection programs run primarily by the U.S. National Security Agency and its allies, based on classified documents leaked by Edward Snowden.
-
A.
XKeyscore
XKeyscore is a highly classified NSA surveillance system designed to search and analyze vast amounts of global internet and communications data in real time.
-
B.
United States v. Edward Snowden
United States v. Edward Snowden is the U.S. criminal case in which former NSA contractor Edward Snowden was charged for leaking classified surveillance documents, leading to international debates over government secrecy and privacy.
-
C.
USA FREEDOM Act
The USA FREEDOM Act is a 2015 U.S. law that reformed government surveillance authorities, notably curbing bulk collection of Americans’ phone records while renewing and modifying key intelligence-gathering powers.
-
D.
FISA Amendments Act of 2008
The FISA Amendments Act of 2008 is a U.S. law that expanded and updated government authority to conduct warrantless surveillance of foreign targets while providing legal protections for telecommunications companies assisting such intelligence activities.
-
E.
United States v. Chelsea Manning
United States v. Chelsea Manning was the high-profile court-martial of U.S. Army intelligence analyst Chelsea Manning for leaking classified documents to WikiLeaks, resulting in a landmark conviction under U.S. military and national security law.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (49)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
intelligence leak
ⓘ
mass surveillance revelation ⓘ political scandal ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs |
2013 global surveillance disclosures
ⓘ
surface form:
NSA surveillance revelations
Snowden leaks ⓘ |
| countryOfPrimaryAgency |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| criticizedBy |
United States federal officials
ⓘ
surface form:
United States government officials
|
| dataTypeExposed | classified NSA documents ⓘ |
| disclosedBy | Edward Snowden ⓘ |
| impact |
increased public awareness of digital surveillance
ⓘ
strengthening of encryption adoption by technology companies ⓘ |
| involvedAgency |
Australian Signals Directorate
ⓘ
Canada Communications Security Establishment ⓘ
surface form:
Communications Security Establishment
Government Communications Headquarters ⓘ Government Communications Security Bureau ⓘ |
| involvedAlliance |
Five Eyes alliance
ⓘ
surface form:
Five Eyes
|
| locationOfInitialMeetings |
Hong Kong, China
ⓘ
surface form:
Hong Kong
|
| mainWhistleblower | Edward Snowden ⓘ |
| mediaPartner |
Der Spiegel
ⓘ
Glenn Greenwald ⓘ Laura Poitras ⓘ Le Monde ⓘ O Globo ⓘ The Guardian ⓘ The New York Times ⓘ Washington Post ⓘ
surface form:
The Washington Post
|
| primaryAgencyInvolved | National Security Agency ⓘ |
| relatedLegislation | USA FREEDOM Act ⓘ |
| revealedPractice |
bulk internet communications surveillance
ⓘ
collection of data from major technology companies ⓘ global monitoring of email and web traffic ⓘ mass collection of telephone metadata ⓘ surveillance of foreign heads of state ⓘ tapping of undersea fiber-optic cables ⓘ |
| revealedProgram |
Boundless Informant
ⓘ
MUSCULAR ⓘ PRISM ⓘ TEMPORA ⓘ
surface form:
Tempora
Upstream collection ⓘ XKeyscore ⓘ |
| startDate | 2013-06 ⓘ |
| subjectOf |
Citizenfour
ⓘ
numerous parliamentary and congressional inquiries ⓘ |
| supportedBy | civil liberties organizations ⓘ |
| timePeriod | 2013–2014 ⓘ |
| triggeredEvent |
global debate on privacy and surveillance
ⓘ
legal challenges to NSA programs ⓘ reforms to U.S. surveillance laws ⓘ |
| volumeOfDocuments | thousands of classified files ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: 2013 global surveillance disclosures Description of subject: The 2013 global surveillance disclosures were a series of revelations exposing extensive worldwide monitoring and data collection programs run primarily by the U.S. National Security Agency and its allies, based on classified documents leaked by Edward Snowden.
Referenced by (4)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
United States mass surveillance disclosures (2013)
this entity surface form:
NSA surveillance revelations
this entity surface form:
NSA surveillance programs