Snowden leaks

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The Snowden leaks were a series of revelations by former NSA contractor Edward Snowden that exposed extensive global surveillance programs run by the U.S. and its allies, sparking worldwide debates over privacy, security, and government transparency.

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Snowden leaks canonical 1

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Statements (93)

Predicate Object
instanceOf intelligence leak
mass surveillance disclosure
political scandal
whistleblowing case
approximateDocumentCount thousands of documents
characterizedAs unprecedented in scope of intelligence disclosures
disclosedBy Edward Snowden
documentType PowerPoint presentations
classified NSA documents
internal NSA reports
firstPublishedIn The Guardian
The Washington Post
linked to: Washington Post
hasConsequence asylum for Edward Snowden in Russia
diplomatic tensions between the United States and allies
expansion of privacy advocacy movements
public criticism of NSA and GCHQ
renewed focus on whistleblower protections
strained U.S.–Germany relations
hasTheme civil liberties
digital rights
government transparency
national security
privacy
whistleblowing
influenced European Court of Justice rulings on data transfer
international data protection debates
public understanding of digital surveillance
technology company data protection policies
involvesCountry Australia
Brazil
Canada
Germany
New Zealand
Russia
United Kingdom
United States
involvesOrganization Five Eyes
linked to: Five Eyes alliance

Government Communications Headquarters
National Security Agency
United States government
United States intelligence community
ledTo USA FREEDOM Act
changes in technology company encryption practices
greater transparency reports by tech companies
increased adoption of end-to-end encryption
legalBasisContested Section 215 of the USA PATRIOT Act
Section 702 of the FISA Amendments Act
locationOfFirstPublication United Kingdom
United States
mainProtagonist Edward Snowden
mediaCoverageBy Der Spiegel
El País
Globo
linked to: Rede Globo

Le Monde
O Globo
The Guardian
The Intercept
The New York Times
The Washington Post
linked to: Washington Post
notableJournalist Barton Gellman
Glenn Greenwald
Laura Poitras
opposedBy Obama administration officials
linked to: White House staff

U.S. intelligence officials
publicReaction criticism of Snowden as a traitor by some officials
support for Edward Snowden as a whistleblower
worldwide protests against mass surveillance
relatedTo Chelsea Manning disclosures
NSA warrantless surveillance controversy
WikiLeaks
global surveillance disclosures
revealedPractice bulk internet communications surveillance
cooperation between intelligence agencies and technology companies
mass collection of telephone metadata
surveillance of foreign leaders
tapping of undersea fiber-optic cables
warrantless surveillance of U.S. persons
revealedProgram Boundless Informant
Bullrun
MUSCULAR
PRISM
Tempora
linked to: TEMPORA

Upstream collection
XKeyscore
startTime 2013
June 2013
supportedBy civil liberties organizations
many technology experts
privacy advocacy groups
timePeriod 2013–2014
triggeredEvent global debate on privacy and surveillance
legal challenges to NSA surveillance programs
reforms of U.S. surveillance law

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Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.