C4 cycle

GPTKB entity

Statements (43)
Predicate Object
gptkbp:instanceOf biological pathway
gptkbp:adaptation high temperature
high light intensity
low atmospheric CO2
gptkbp:alsoKnownAs gptkb:Hatch-Slack_pathway
gptkbp:carbonFixationStep PEP carboxylase fixes CO2 to PEP
gptkbp:CO2Concentration increases around Rubisco
gptkbp:CO2ReleasedIn bundle sheath cells
gptkbp:contrastsWith gptkb:C3_cycle
gptkb:CAM_pathway
gptkbp:discoveredBy gptkb:Charles_Slack
gptkb:Marshall_Hatch
gptkbp:energyEfficiency higher than C3 cycle
gptkbp:evolved multiple times independently
gptkbp:firstDescribed 1966
gptkbp:foundIn gptkb:C4_plants
gptkbp:function carbon fixation
gptkbp:hasBiologicalActivity gptkb:malate_dehydrogenase
gptkb:NADP-malic_enzyme
gptkb:PEP_carboxylase
gptkb:pyruvate_phosphate_dikinase
https://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label C4 cycle
gptkbp:importantFor crop productivity in tropics
gptkbp:involves spatial separation of steps
gptkbp:namedAfter four-carbon compound produced
gptkbp:notableFor high photosynthetic efficiency
gptkbp:occurredIn bundle sheath cells
mesophyll cells
gptkbp:presentIn maize
marina
sugarcane
sorghum
amaranth
gptkbp:produces gptkb:pyruvate
gptkb:aspartate
malate
CO2
gptkbp:product gptkb:oxaloacetate
gptkbp:reduces photorespiration
oxygenase activity of Rubisco
water loss
gptkbp:bfsParent gptkb:C3_cycle
gptkbp:bfsLayer 7