Triple
T7664572
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Rydberg atom |
E173593
|
entity |
| Predicate | relatedTo |
P37
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Rydberg series
The Rydberg series is a sequence of spectral lines in atoms that converge toward an ionization limit, described by the Rydberg formula and fundamental to understanding atomic energy levels.
|
E679852
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Rydberg series | Statement: [Rydberg atom, relatedTo, Rydberg series]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Rydberg series Context triple: [Rydberg atom, relatedTo, Rydberg series]
-
A.
Paschen series
The Paschen series is a set of spectral lines in the infrared region of the hydrogen atom’s emission spectrum corresponding to electron transitions ending at the n=3 energy level.
-
B.
Rydberg–Ritz combination principle
The Rydberg–Ritz combination principle is a rule in atomic spectroscopy stating that the frequencies (or wavenumbers) of spectral lines can be expressed as differences between terms in a series, enabling systematic prediction and classification of atomic spectra.
-
C.
Rydberg atoms
Rydberg atoms are highly excited atoms with one or more electrons in very high principal quantum number states, exhibiting exaggerated atomic properties and strong sensitivity to external fields.
-
D.
Rydberg formula
The Rydberg formula is an equation in atomic physics that predicts the wavelengths of spectral lines of hydrogen and hydrogen-like atoms using the Rydberg constant.
-
E.
Balmer series of hydrogen
The Balmer series of hydrogen is the set of spectral emission lines in the visible region produced when electrons in a hydrogen atom transition from higher energy levels down to the second principal energy level.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Rydberg series Triple: [Rydberg atom, relatedTo, Rydberg series]
Generated description
The Rydberg series is a sequence of spectral lines in atoms that converge toward an ionization limit, described by the Rydberg formula and fundamental to understanding atomic energy levels.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Rydberg series Target entity description: The Rydberg series is a sequence of spectral lines in atoms that converge toward an ionization limit, described by the Rydberg formula and fundamental to understanding atomic energy levels.
-
A.
Paschen series
The Paschen series is a set of spectral lines in the infrared region of the hydrogen atom’s emission spectrum corresponding to electron transitions ending at the n=3 energy level.
-
B.
Rydberg–Ritz combination principle
The Rydberg–Ritz combination principle is a rule in atomic spectroscopy stating that the frequencies (or wavenumbers) of spectral lines can be expressed as differences between terms in a series, enabling systematic prediction and classification of atomic spectra.
-
C.
Rydberg atoms
Rydberg atoms are highly excited atoms with one or more electrons in very high principal quantum number states, exhibiting exaggerated atomic properties and strong sensitivity to external fields.
-
D.
Rydberg formula
The Rydberg formula is an equation in atomic physics that predicts the wavelengths of spectral lines of hydrogen and hydrogen-like atoms using the Rydberg constant.
-
E.
Balmer series of hydrogen
The Balmer series of hydrogen is the set of spectral emission lines in the visible region produced when electrons in a hydrogen atom transition from higher energy levels down to the second principal energy level.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69c699562484819086752091e3164a27 |
completed | March 27, 2026, 2:51 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69c701a868bc8190b975cae769e23546 |
completed | March 27, 2026, 10:16 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69c89b1fdccc8190a69b4745dc3b2347 |
completed | March 29, 2026, 3:23 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69c89d513af88190b453bf3bf1adcbfb |
completed | March 29, 2026, 3:32 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69c89ddd81a88190924d41529e94b06b |
completed | March 29, 2026, 3:34 a.m. |
Created at: March 27, 2026, 4 p.m.