Triple

T7664572
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Rydberg atom E173593 entity
Predicate relatedTo P37 FINISHED
Object Rydberg series
The Rydberg series is a sequence of spectral lines in atoms that converge toward an ionization limit, described by the Rydberg formula and fundamental to understanding atomic energy levels.
E679852 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Rydberg series | Statement: [Rydberg atom, relatedTo, Rydberg series]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Rydberg series
Context triple: [Rydberg atom, relatedTo, Rydberg series]
  • A. Paschen series
    The Paschen series is a set of spectral lines in the infrared region of the hydrogen atom’s emission spectrum corresponding to electron transitions ending at the n=3 energy level.
  • B. Rydberg–Ritz combination principle
    The Rydberg–Ritz combination principle is a rule in atomic spectroscopy stating that the frequencies (or wavenumbers) of spectral lines can be expressed as differences between terms in a series, enabling systematic prediction and classification of atomic spectra.
  • C. Rydberg atoms
    Rydberg atoms are highly excited atoms with one or more electrons in very high principal quantum number states, exhibiting exaggerated atomic properties and strong sensitivity to external fields.
  • D. Rydberg formula
    The Rydberg formula is an equation in atomic physics that predicts the wavelengths of spectral lines of hydrogen and hydrogen-like atoms using the Rydberg constant.
  • E. Balmer series of hydrogen
    The Balmer series of hydrogen is the set of spectral emission lines in the visible region produced when electrons in a hydrogen atom transition from higher energy levels down to the second principal energy level.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Rydberg series
Triple: [Rydberg atom, relatedTo, Rydberg series]
Generated description
The Rydberg series is a sequence of spectral lines in atoms that converge toward an ionization limit, described by the Rydberg formula and fundamental to understanding atomic energy levels.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Rydberg series
Target entity description: The Rydberg series is a sequence of spectral lines in atoms that converge toward an ionization limit, described by the Rydberg formula and fundamental to understanding atomic energy levels.
  • A. Paschen series
    The Paschen series is a set of spectral lines in the infrared region of the hydrogen atom’s emission spectrum corresponding to electron transitions ending at the n=3 energy level.
  • B. Rydberg–Ritz combination principle
    The Rydberg–Ritz combination principle is a rule in atomic spectroscopy stating that the frequencies (or wavenumbers) of spectral lines can be expressed as differences between terms in a series, enabling systematic prediction and classification of atomic spectra.
  • C. Rydberg atoms
    Rydberg atoms are highly excited atoms with one or more electrons in very high principal quantum number states, exhibiting exaggerated atomic properties and strong sensitivity to external fields.
  • D. Rydberg formula
    The Rydberg formula is an equation in atomic physics that predicts the wavelengths of spectral lines of hydrogen and hydrogen-like atoms using the Rydberg constant.
  • E. Balmer series of hydrogen
    The Balmer series of hydrogen is the set of spectral emission lines in the visible region produced when electrons in a hydrogen atom transition from higher energy levels down to the second principal energy level.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69c699562484819086752091e3164a27 completed March 27, 2026, 2:51 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69c701a868bc8190b975cae769e23546 completed March 27, 2026, 10:16 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69c89b1fdccc8190a69b4745dc3b2347 completed March 29, 2026, 3:23 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69c89d513af88190b453bf3bf1adcbfb completed March 29, 2026, 3:32 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69c89ddd81a88190924d41529e94b06b completed March 29, 2026, 3:34 a.m.
Created at: March 27, 2026, 4 p.m.