Triple
T446404
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | United States v. Lopez |
E7030
|
entity |
| Predicate | lawStruckDown |
P9376
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990, 18 U.S.C. § 922(q)
The Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990, codified at 18 U.S.C. § 922(q), is a federal statute that criminalized possessing a firearm in a school zone and became notable when the Supreme Court in United States v. Lopez struck it down as exceeding Congress’s Commerce Clause authority.
|
E56337
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (5 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990, 18 U.S.C. § 922(q) | Statement: [United States v. Lopez, lawStruckDown, Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990, 18 U.S.C. § 922(q)]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990, 18 U.S.C. § 922(q) Context triple: [United States v. Lopez, lawStruckDown, Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990, 18 U.S.C. § 922(q)]
-
A.
Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act amendments
The Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act amendments are U.S. federal legislative changes that strengthened requirements and funding for preventing drug and alcohol abuse in schools and on college campuses.
-
B.
Firearm Owners Protection Act
The Firearm Owners Protection Act is a 1986 U.S. federal law that revised and relaxed certain gun control provisions while adding new restrictions, including the ban on civilian ownership of newly manufactured machine guns.
-
C.
National Firearms Act
The National Firearms Act is a U.S. federal law that tightly regulates certain categories of weapons—such as machine guns, short-barreled rifles and shotguns, and silencers—through registration, taxation, and transfer controls.
-
D.
Gun Control Act of 1968
The Gun Control Act of 1968 is a landmark U.S. federal law that regulates the firearms industry and gun ownership, including licensing, sales restrictions, and prohibitions on possession by certain categories of individuals.
-
E.
Support Our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act
The Support Our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act, commonly known as Arizona SB 1070, is a controversial 2010 Arizona immigration law that empowered state and local police to enforce federal immigration rules and sparked major legal and political battles over immigration enforcement and civil rights.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990, 18 U.S.C. § 922(q) Triple: [United States v. Lopez, lawStruckDown, Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990, 18 U.S.C. § 922(q)]
Generated description
The Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990, codified at 18 U.S.C. § 922(q), is a federal statute that criminalized possessing a firearm in a school zone and became notable when the Supreme Court in United States v. Lopez struck it down as exceeding Congress’s Commerce Clause authority.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990, 18 U.S.C. § 922(q) Target entity description: The Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990, codified at 18 U.S.C. § 922(q), is a federal statute that criminalized possessing a firearm in a school zone and became notable when the Supreme Court in United States v. Lopez struck it down as exceeding Congress’s Commerce Clause authority.
-
A.
Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act amendments
The Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act amendments are U.S. federal legislative changes that strengthened requirements and funding for preventing drug and alcohol abuse in schools and on college campuses.
-
B.
Firearm Owners Protection Act
The Firearm Owners Protection Act is a 1986 U.S. federal law that revised and relaxed certain gun control provisions while adding new restrictions, including the ban on civilian ownership of newly manufactured machine guns.
-
C.
National Firearms Act
The National Firearms Act is a U.S. federal law that tightly regulates certain categories of weapons—such as machine guns, short-barreled rifles and shotguns, and silencers—through registration, taxation, and transfer controls.
-
D.
Gun Control Act of 1968
The Gun Control Act of 1968 is a landmark U.S. federal law that regulates the firearms industry and gun ownership, including licensing, sales restrictions, and prohibitions on possession by certain categories of individuals.
-
E.
Support Our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act
The Support Our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act, commonly known as Arizona SB 1070, is a controversial 2010 Arizona immigration law that empowered state and local police to enforce federal immigration rules and sparked major legal and political battles over immigration enforcement and civil rights.
- F. None of above. chosen
PD
Predicate disambiguation
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target predicate: lawStruckDown Context triple: [United States v. Lopez, lawStruckDown, Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990, 18 U.S.C. § 922(q)]
-
A.
declaredUnconstitutionalInCase
chosen
Indicates that a law, policy, or action was ruled unconstitutional in a specific legal case.
-
B.
challengedStatute
Indicates that a particular statute or law is being contested, questioned, or disputed, typically in a legal or constitutional proceeding.
-
C.
wasOverturnedByCourt
Indicates that a prior decision, ruling, or judgment was reversed or nullified by a court.
-
D.
legalDoctrine
Indicates that one legal principle, rule, or theory is being applied, referenced, or relied upon as an authoritative basis for interpreting or deciding a legal issue.
-
E.
legalOutcome
Indicates the resulting legal status, decision, or consequence that follows from a legal process, action, or judgment.
- F. None of above.
Provenance (6 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69a2e7e4676c81909ea0dbdecac0687c |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 1:04 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69a2ef62c7a88190851fcd57658b4102 |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 1:36 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69a442a6abac81909f23975fabd7e90a |
completed | March 1, 2026, 1:44 p.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69a4466c89508190bec28097c3fe510f |
completed | March 1, 2026, 2 p.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69a446e661d481909ebd78a14fc973d2 |
completed | March 1, 2026, 2:02 p.m. |
| PD | Predicate disambiguation | batch_69a2eddfb5508190a4e06e1b260d8b2b |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 1:30 p.m. |
Created at: Feb. 28, 2026, 1:12 p.m.