Triple

T446404
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject United States v. Lopez E7030 entity
Predicate lawStruckDown P9376 FINISHED
Object Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990, 18 U.S.C. § 922(q)
The Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990, codified at 18 U.S.C. § 922(q), is a federal statute that criminalized possessing a firearm in a school zone and became notable when the Supreme Court in United States v. Lopez struck it down as exceeding Congress’s Commerce Clause authority.
E56337 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (5 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990, 18 U.S.C. § 922(q) | Statement: [United States v. Lopez, lawStruckDown, Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990, 18 U.S.C. § 922(q)]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990, 18 U.S.C. § 922(q)
Context triple: [United States v. Lopez, lawStruckDown, Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990, 18 U.S.C. § 922(q)]
  • A. Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act amendments
    The Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act amendments are U.S. federal legislative changes that strengthened requirements and funding for preventing drug and alcohol abuse in schools and on college campuses.
  • B. Firearm Owners Protection Act
    The Firearm Owners Protection Act is a 1986 U.S. federal law that revised and relaxed certain gun control provisions while adding new restrictions, including the ban on civilian ownership of newly manufactured machine guns.
  • C. National Firearms Act
    The National Firearms Act is a U.S. federal law that tightly regulates certain categories of weapons—such as machine guns, short-barreled rifles and shotguns, and silencers—through registration, taxation, and transfer controls.
  • D. Gun Control Act of 1968
    The Gun Control Act of 1968 is a landmark U.S. federal law that regulates the firearms industry and gun ownership, including licensing, sales restrictions, and prohibitions on possession by certain categories of individuals.
  • E. Support Our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act
    The Support Our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act, commonly known as Arizona SB 1070, is a controversial 2010 Arizona immigration law that empowered state and local police to enforce federal immigration rules and sparked major legal and political battles over immigration enforcement and civil rights.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990, 18 U.S.C. § 922(q)
Triple: [United States v. Lopez, lawStruckDown, Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990, 18 U.S.C. § 922(q)]
Generated description
The Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990, codified at 18 U.S.C. § 922(q), is a federal statute that criminalized possessing a firearm in a school zone and became notable when the Supreme Court in United States v. Lopez struck it down as exceeding Congress’s Commerce Clause authority.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990, 18 U.S.C. § 922(q)
Target entity description: The Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990, codified at 18 U.S.C. § 922(q), is a federal statute that criminalized possessing a firearm in a school zone and became notable when the Supreme Court in United States v. Lopez struck it down as exceeding Congress’s Commerce Clause authority.
  • A. Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act amendments
    The Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act amendments are U.S. federal legislative changes that strengthened requirements and funding for preventing drug and alcohol abuse in schools and on college campuses.
  • B. Firearm Owners Protection Act
    The Firearm Owners Protection Act is a 1986 U.S. federal law that revised and relaxed certain gun control provisions while adding new restrictions, including the ban on civilian ownership of newly manufactured machine guns.
  • C. National Firearms Act
    The National Firearms Act is a U.S. federal law that tightly regulates certain categories of weapons—such as machine guns, short-barreled rifles and shotguns, and silencers—through registration, taxation, and transfer controls.
  • D. Gun Control Act of 1968
    The Gun Control Act of 1968 is a landmark U.S. federal law that regulates the firearms industry and gun ownership, including licensing, sales restrictions, and prohibitions on possession by certain categories of individuals.
  • E. Support Our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act
    The Support Our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act, commonly known as Arizona SB 1070, is a controversial 2010 Arizona immigration law that empowered state and local police to enforce federal immigration rules and sparked major legal and political battles over immigration enforcement and civil rights.
  • F. None of above. chosen
PD Predicate disambiguation gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target predicate: lawStruckDown
Context triple: [United States v. Lopez, lawStruckDown, Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990, 18 U.S.C. § 922(q)]
  • A. declaredUnconstitutionalInCase chosen
    Indicates that a law, policy, or action was ruled unconstitutional in a specific legal case.
  • B. challengedStatute
    Indicates that a particular statute or law is being contested, questioned, or disputed, typically in a legal or constitutional proceeding.
  • C. wasOverturnedByCourt
    Indicates that a prior decision, ruling, or judgment was reversed or nullified by a court.
  • D. legalDoctrine
    Indicates that one legal principle, rule, or theory is being applied, referenced, or relied upon as an authoritative basis for interpreting or deciding a legal issue.
  • E. legalOutcome
    Indicates the resulting legal status, decision, or consequence that follows from a legal process, action, or judgment.
  • F. None of above.

Provenance (6 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a2e7e4676c81909ea0dbdecac0687c completed Feb. 28, 2026, 1:04 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69a2ef62c7a88190851fcd57658b4102 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 1:36 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69a442a6abac81909f23975fabd7e90a completed March 1, 2026, 1:44 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69a4466c89508190bec28097c3fe510f completed March 1, 2026, 2 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69a446e661d481909ebd78a14fc973d2 completed March 1, 2026, 2:02 p.m.
PD Predicate disambiguation batch_69a2eddfb5508190a4e06e1b260d8b2b completed Feb. 28, 2026, 1:30 p.m.
Created at: Feb. 28, 2026, 1:12 p.m.