Triple
T2447267
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Permian–Triassic mass extinction |
E53623
|
entity |
| Predicate | isBoundaryLevel |
P6131
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Permian–Triassic boundary
The Permian–Triassic boundary marks the geological transition between the Permian and Triassic periods, coinciding with the most severe mass extinction event in Earth's history.
|
E53623
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (5 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Permian–Triassic boundary | Statement: [Permian–Triassic mass extinction, isBoundaryLevel, Permian–Triassic boundary]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Permian–Triassic boundary Context triple: [Permian–Triassic mass extinction, isBoundaryLevel, Permian–Triassic boundary]
-
A.
Permian–Triassic mass extinction
The Permian–Triassic mass extinction was the most severe biodiversity crisis in Earth's history, wiping out the majority of marine and terrestrial species around 252 million years ago and marking the boundary between the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras.
-
B.
Triassic–Jurassic extinction event
The Triassic–Jurassic extinction event was a major mass extinction around 201 million years ago that wiped out many marine and terrestrial species, paving the way for dinosaurs to become the dominant land animals in the Jurassic Period.
-
C.
Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary
The Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary marks the geological transition 66 million years ago associated with a mass extinction event that wiped out non-avian dinosaurs and many other species, likely triggered by a large asteroid impact.
-
D.
Permian Period
The Permian Period was the final period of the Paleozoic Era, marked by the diversification of reptiles and the largest mass extinction in Earth's history at its close.
-
E.
Late Devonian extinction
The Late Devonian extinction was a prolonged series of biodiversity crises around 375–359 million years ago that devastated marine life, especially reef ecosystems and armored fishes, and ranks among the largest mass extinctions in Earth’s history.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Permian–Triassic boundary Triple: [Permian–Triassic mass extinction, isBoundaryLevel, Permian–Triassic boundary]
Generated description
The Permian–Triassic boundary marks the geological transition between the Permian and Triassic periods, coinciding with the most severe mass extinction event in Earth's history.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Permian–Triassic boundary Target entity description: The Permian–Triassic boundary marks the geological transition between the Permian and Triassic periods, coinciding with the most severe mass extinction event in Earth's history.
-
A.
Permian–Triassic mass extinction
chosen
The Permian–Triassic mass extinction was the most severe biodiversity crisis in Earth's history, wiping out the majority of marine and terrestrial species around 252 million years ago and marking the boundary between the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras.
-
B.
Triassic–Jurassic extinction event
The Triassic–Jurassic extinction event was a major mass extinction around 201 million years ago that wiped out many marine and terrestrial species, paving the way for dinosaurs to become the dominant land animals in the Jurassic Period.
-
C.
Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary
The Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary marks the geological transition 66 million years ago associated with a mass extinction event that wiped out non-avian dinosaurs and many other species, likely triggered by a large asteroid impact.
-
D.
Permian Period
The Permian Period was the final period of the Paleozoic Era, marked by the diversification of reptiles and the largest mass extinction in Earth's history at its close.
-
E.
Late Devonian extinction
The Late Devonian extinction was a prolonged series of biodiversity crises around 375–359 million years ago that devastated marine life, especially reef ecosystems and armored fishes, and ranks among the largest mass extinctions in Earth’s history.
- F. None of above.
PD
Predicate disambiguation
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target predicate: isBoundaryLevel Context triple: [Permian–Triassic mass extinction, isBoundaryLevel, Permian–Triassic boundary]
-
A.
hasBoundaryType
Indicates that one entity has a boundary characterized by a specific type or classification in relation to another entity or context.
-
B.
hasBoundaryFeature
chosen
Indicates that a boundary (such as an edge, border, or limit) of one entity is characterized, marked, or defined by a specific feature or element.
-
C.
hasConceptualBoundary
Indicates that one entity defines, marks, or establishes the abstract limit or scope of another entity’s meaning, applicability, or conceptual extent.
-
D.
isBorderMunicipality
Indicates that a municipality is located on or directly adjacent to the border of a larger administrative region, country, or jurisdiction.
-
E.
setsBoundary
Indicates that one entity defines or forms the limiting edge or border of another entity.
- F. None of above.
Provenance (6 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69ab495d227c8190b26ae6548eeb1019 |
completed | March 6, 2026, 9:38 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69abcabf477081908512df63ac1a6414 |
completed | March 7, 2026, 6:50 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69af17907f48819092f197ba14459b17 |
completed | March 9, 2026, 6:55 p.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69af186a3c188190b6a118df214c82e1 |
completed | March 9, 2026, 6:58 p.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69af18fc1a0c8190aeb24f304cbba35b |
completed | March 9, 2026, 7:01 p.m. |
| PD | Predicate disambiguation | batch_69abc5ad8e588190b97c4cd7cf575043 |
completed | March 7, 2026, 6:29 a.m. |
Created at: March 6, 2026, 9:43 p.m.