Triple

T2173679
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject de Haas–van Alphen effect E48478 entity
Predicate relatedTo P37 FINISHED
Object Lifshitz–Kosevich formula
The Lifshitz–Kosevich formula is a key theoretical expression in solid-state physics that describes how the amplitude of quantum oscillations in metals depends on temperature, magnetic field, and electronic properties.
E243122 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Lifshitz–Kosevich formula | Statement: [de Haas–van Alphen effect, relatedTo, Lifshitz–Kosevich formula]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Lifshitz–Kosevich formula
Context triple: [de Haas–van Alphen effect, relatedTo, Lifshitz–Kosevich formula]
  • A. de Haas–van Alphen effect
    The de Haas–van Alphen effect is a quantum oscillatory phenomenon in metals where the magnetization varies periodically with applied magnetic field, allowing precise mapping of the electronic structure and Fermi surface.
  • B. Lifshitz
    Lifshitz is the original family surname of American fashion designer and business magnate Ralph Lauren.
  • C. Kapitza resistance
    Kapitza resistance is the thermal boundary resistance that occurs at the interface between a solid and liquid helium, causing a temperature discontinuity when heat flows across the boundary.
  • D. London equations
    The London equations are fundamental relations in superconductivity that describe how magnetic fields behave inside superconductors, capturing key features like the Meissner effect and zero electrical resistance.
  • E. Eliashberg theory
    Eliashberg theory is an extension of BCS superconductivity that incorporates strong-coupling and frequency-dependent effects to more accurately describe real superconducting materials.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Lifshitz–Kosevich formula
Triple: [de Haas–van Alphen effect, relatedTo, Lifshitz–Kosevich formula]
Generated description
The Lifshitz–Kosevich formula is a key theoretical expression in solid-state physics that describes how the amplitude of quantum oscillations in metals depends on temperature, magnetic field, and electronic properties.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Lifshitz–Kosevich formula
Target entity description: The Lifshitz–Kosevich formula is a key theoretical expression in solid-state physics that describes how the amplitude of quantum oscillations in metals depends on temperature, magnetic field, and electronic properties.
  • A. de Haas–van Alphen effect
    The de Haas–van Alphen effect is a quantum oscillatory phenomenon in metals where the magnetization varies periodically with applied magnetic field, allowing precise mapping of the electronic structure and Fermi surface.
  • B. Lifshitz
    Lifshitz is the original family surname of American fashion designer and business magnate Ralph Lauren.
  • C. Kapitza resistance
    Kapitza resistance is the thermal boundary resistance that occurs at the interface between a solid and liquid helium, causing a temperature discontinuity when heat flows across the boundary.
  • D. London equations
    The London equations are fundamental relations in superconductivity that describe how magnetic fields behave inside superconductors, capturing key features like the Meissner effect and zero electrical resistance.
  • E. Eliashberg theory
    Eliashberg theory is an extension of BCS superconductivity that incorporates strong-coupling and frequency-dependent effects to more accurately describe real superconducting materials.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a88aa3faa48190995b233af6525815 completed March 4, 2026, 7:40 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69abbecb97a48190834e3e536184bbd1 completed March 7, 2026, 5:59 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69ae5d9c61448190930777bcf2028882 completed March 9, 2026, 5:41 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69ae5e1ea6108190b22ead618d620613 completed March 9, 2026, 5:43 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69ae5ea7909c8190a93d87a5d07b84d4 completed March 9, 2026, 5:46 a.m.
Created at: March 4, 2026, 7:45 p.m.