Triple
T2173679
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | de Haas–van Alphen effect |
E48478
|
entity |
| Predicate | relatedTo |
P37
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Lifshitz–Kosevich formula
The Lifshitz–Kosevich formula is a key theoretical expression in solid-state physics that describes how the amplitude of quantum oscillations in metals depends on temperature, magnetic field, and electronic properties.
|
E243122
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Lifshitz–Kosevich formula | Statement: [de Haas–van Alphen effect, relatedTo, Lifshitz–Kosevich formula]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Lifshitz–Kosevich formula Context triple: [de Haas–van Alphen effect, relatedTo, Lifshitz–Kosevich formula]
-
A.
de Haas–van Alphen effect
The de Haas–van Alphen effect is a quantum oscillatory phenomenon in metals where the magnetization varies periodically with applied magnetic field, allowing precise mapping of the electronic structure and Fermi surface.
-
B.
Lifshitz
Lifshitz is the original family surname of American fashion designer and business magnate Ralph Lauren.
-
C.
Kapitza resistance
Kapitza resistance is the thermal boundary resistance that occurs at the interface between a solid and liquid helium, causing a temperature discontinuity when heat flows across the boundary.
-
D.
London equations
The London equations are fundamental relations in superconductivity that describe how magnetic fields behave inside superconductors, capturing key features like the Meissner effect and zero electrical resistance.
-
E.
Eliashberg theory
Eliashberg theory is an extension of BCS superconductivity that incorporates strong-coupling and frequency-dependent effects to more accurately describe real superconducting materials.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Lifshitz–Kosevich formula Triple: [de Haas–van Alphen effect, relatedTo, Lifshitz–Kosevich formula]
Generated description
The Lifshitz–Kosevich formula is a key theoretical expression in solid-state physics that describes how the amplitude of quantum oscillations in metals depends on temperature, magnetic field, and electronic properties.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Lifshitz–Kosevich formula Target entity description: The Lifshitz–Kosevich formula is a key theoretical expression in solid-state physics that describes how the amplitude of quantum oscillations in metals depends on temperature, magnetic field, and electronic properties.
-
A.
de Haas–van Alphen effect
The de Haas–van Alphen effect is a quantum oscillatory phenomenon in metals where the magnetization varies periodically with applied magnetic field, allowing precise mapping of the electronic structure and Fermi surface.
-
B.
Lifshitz
Lifshitz is the original family surname of American fashion designer and business magnate Ralph Lauren.
-
C.
Kapitza resistance
Kapitza resistance is the thermal boundary resistance that occurs at the interface between a solid and liquid helium, causing a temperature discontinuity when heat flows across the boundary.
-
D.
London equations
The London equations are fundamental relations in superconductivity that describe how magnetic fields behave inside superconductors, capturing key features like the Meissner effect and zero electrical resistance.
-
E.
Eliashberg theory
Eliashberg theory is an extension of BCS superconductivity that incorporates strong-coupling and frequency-dependent effects to more accurately describe real superconducting materials.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69a88aa3faa48190995b233af6525815 |
completed | March 4, 2026, 7:40 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69abbecb97a48190834e3e536184bbd1 |
completed | March 7, 2026, 5:59 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69ae5d9c61448190930777bcf2028882 |
completed | March 9, 2026, 5:41 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69ae5e1ea6108190b22ead618d620613 |
completed | March 9, 2026, 5:43 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69ae5ea7909c8190a93d87a5d07b84d4 |
completed | March 9, 2026, 5:46 a.m. |
Created at: March 4, 2026, 7:45 p.m.