Triple

T21048915
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Hartle–Hawking no-boundary proposal E518521 entity
Predicate comparedWith P278 FINISHED
Object Vilenkin tunneling proposal — NE NERFINISHED

How this triple was built (3 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Vilenkin tunneling proposal | Statement: [Hartle–Hawking no-boundary proposal, comparedWith, Vilenkin tunneling proposal]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Vilenkin tunneling proposal
Context triple: [Hartle–Hawking no-boundary proposal, comparedWith, Vilenkin tunneling proposal]
  • A. Hartle–Hawking no-boundary proposal
    The Hartle–Hawking no-boundary proposal is a quantum cosmological model suggesting that the universe is finite but without an initial temporal boundary, replacing the classical Big Bang singularity with a smooth, boundaryless beginning described by quantum gravity.
  • B. Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays
    Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays is a 1993 collection of popular-science essays and reflections by physicist Stephen Hawking, exploring cosmology, black holes, and his personal life and ideas.
  • C. Weyl curvature hypothesis
    The Weyl curvature hypothesis is Roger Penrose’s proposal that the universe began in an extremely low-gravitational-entropy, highly ordered state characterized by vanishing Weyl curvature, providing a geometric explanation for the cosmological arrow of time.
  • D. “Cosmological event horizons, thermodynamics, and particle creation”
    “Cosmological event horizons, thermodynamics, and particle creation” is a seminal paper by Gary W. Gibbons that explores the thermodynamic properties and quantum particle production associated with cosmological event horizons in expanding universes.
  • E. Black Holes, Wormholes and Time Machines
    "Black Holes, Wormholes and Time Machines" is a popular science book by physicist Jim Al-Khalili that explains complex concepts in cosmology and theoretical physics—such as black holes, wormholes, and the nature of time—in an accessible and engaging way for general readers.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Vilenkin tunneling proposal
Target entity description: The Vilenkin tunneling proposal is a quantum cosmological model in which the universe is hypothesized to have originated via a tunneling event from "nothing," providing an alternative to the Hartle–Hawking no-boundary scenario.
  • A. Hartle–Hawking no-boundary proposal
    The Hartle–Hawking no-boundary proposal is a quantum cosmological model suggesting that the universe is finite but without an initial temporal boundary, replacing the classical Big Bang singularity with a smooth, boundaryless beginning described by quantum gravity.
  • B. Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays
    Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays is a 1993 collection of popular-science essays and reflections by physicist Stephen Hawking, exploring cosmology, black holes, and his personal life and ideas.
  • C. Weyl curvature hypothesis
    The Weyl curvature hypothesis is Roger Penrose’s proposal that the universe began in an extremely low-gravitational-entropy, highly ordered state characterized by vanishing Weyl curvature, providing a geometric explanation for the cosmological arrow of time.
  • D. “Cosmological event horizons, thermodynamics, and particle creation”
    “Cosmological event horizons, thermodynamics, and particle creation” is a seminal paper by Gary W. Gibbons that explores the thermodynamic properties and quantum particle production associated with cosmological event horizons in expanding universes.
  • E. Black Holes, Wormholes and Time Machines
    "Black Holes, Wormholes and Time Machines" is a popular science book by physicist Jim Al-Khalili that explains complex concepts in cosmology and theoretical physics—such as black holes, wormholes, and the nature of time—in an accessible and engaging way for general readers.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (2 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69e0b50438e08190917e2538bb8bc034 completed April 16, 2026, 10:08 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69e6fd79830881909fdac2f0ea48d28c completed April 21, 2026, 4:30 a.m.
Created at: April 16, 2026, 2:34 p.m.