Triple
T1075137
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Freeman Dyson |
E23818
|
entity |
| Predicate | notableWork |
P4
|
FINISHED |
| Object | Dyson series in quantum electrodynamics |
E9110
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (2 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Dyson series in quantum electrodynamics | Statement: [Freeman Dyson, notableWork, Dyson series in quantum electrodynamics]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Dyson series in quantum electrodynamics Context triple: [Freeman Dyson, notableWork, Dyson series in quantum electrodynamics]
-
A.
Dyson’s proof of equivalence of Feynman and Schwinger–Tomonaga formulations of QED
Dyson’s proof of equivalence of Feynman and Schwinger–Tomonaga formulations of QED is a landmark theoretical result that rigorously demonstrated the mathematical consistency and mutual compatibility of different approaches to quantum electrodynamics.
-
B.
Dyson series
chosen
The Dyson series is a perturbative expansion in quantum field theory that expresses time-ordered exponentials and scattering amplitudes as an infinite series of integrals, each term corresponding to a Feynman diagram.
-
C.
Dirac sea
The Dirac sea is a theoretical model in quantum physics proposing an infinite "sea" of negative-energy electron states to explain the existence of antimatter and the behavior of relativistic electrons.
-
D.
On a Heuristic Point of View Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light
"On a Heuristic Point of View Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light" is Albert Einstein’s 1905 paper that introduced the concept of light quanta (photons), laying the foundation for quantum theory and explaining the photoelectric effect.
-
E.
Dirac equation
The Dirac equation is a fundamental relativistic wave equation in quantum mechanics that describes spin-½ particles such as electrons and predicts phenomena like antimatter.
- F. None of above.
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
Provenance (3 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69a493f1ddf48190a99d54b00e99f8ce |
completed | March 1, 2026, 7:30 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69a4b92e480c81909a848b48c196a293 |
completed | March 1, 2026, 10:09 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69ac42a9af14819091d4f2578c6b1c02 |
completed | March 7, 2026, 3:22 p.m. |
Created at: March 1, 2026, 7:42 p.m.