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gptkb:Karl_Manne_Georg_Siegbahn
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for his discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy
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gptkb:Owen_Willans_Richardson
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for his work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of the law named after him
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gptkb:Ben_L._Feringa
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for the design and synthesis of molecular machines
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gptkb:John_Clauser
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experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science
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gptkb:Leland_H._Hartwell
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discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle
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gptkb:Willis_Eugene_Lamb_Jr.
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for his discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum
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gptkb:George_Oláh
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for his contribution to carbocation chemistry
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gptkb:Riccardo_Giacconi
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for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, which have led to the discovery of cosmic X-ray sources
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gptkb:Jerome_Isaac_Friedman
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for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics
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gptkb:James_Batcheller_Sumner
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for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized
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gptkb:John_Van_Vleck
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for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems
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gptkb:François_de_Gennes
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for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter, in particular to liquid crystals and polymers
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gptkb:Albert_Szent-Györgyi
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for his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes, with special reference to vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid
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gptkb:Ferdinand_Frédéric_Henri_Moissan
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for his investigation and isolation of the element fluorine, and for the adoption in the service of science of the electric furnace called after him
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gptkb:Jack_St._Clair_Kilby
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for his part in the invention of the integrated circuit
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gptkb:Robert_G._Edwards
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for the development of in vitro fertilization
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gptkb:Kamerlingh_Onnes
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for his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led, inter alia, to the production of liquid helium
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gptkb:Herbert_Charles_Brown
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for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into important reagents in organic synthesis
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gptkb:Robert_Woodrow_Wilson
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for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation
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gptkb:Jürgen_Butenandt
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for his work on sex hormones
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