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gptkb:Robert_Solow
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for his contributions to the theory of economic growth
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gptkb:William_Giauque
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for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics, particularly concerning the behavior of substances at extremely low temperatures
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gptkb:大隅良典
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オートファジーの仕組みの解明
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gptkb:Douglas_D._Osheroff
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for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3
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gptkb:Barry_Barish
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for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves
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gptkb:Zhores_I._Alferov
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for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and optoelectronics
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gptkb:William_N._Lipscomb,_Jr.
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for his studies on the structure of boranes illuminating problems of chemical bonding
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gptkb:Anne_L'Huillier
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for experimental methods that generate attosecond pulses of light for the study of electron dynamics in matter
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gptkb:Emil_Palade
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discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell
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gptkb:Wassily_Wassilyevich_Leontief
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for the development of the input-output method and for its application to important economic problems
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gptkb:Theodor_Mommsen
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the greatest living master of the art of historical writing, with special reference to his monumental work, A History of Rome
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gptkb:George_Bernard_Shaw
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for his work which is marked by both idealism and humanity, its stimulating satire often being infused with a singular poetic beauty
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gptkb:Don_Glaser
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for the invention of the bubble chamber
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gptkb:Paul_Karrer
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for his investigations on carotenoids, flavins and vitamins A and B2
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gptkb:Ahmed_Zewail
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for his pioneering work on femtochemistry
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gptkb:Ernst_Ruska
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for his fundamental work in electron optics, and for the design of the first electron microscope
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gptkb:Surgeon-General_Sir_Ronald_Ross
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for his work on malaria, by which he has shown how it enters the organism
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gptkb:Bernard_Feringa
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for the design and synthesis of molecular machines
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gptkb:François_de_Gennes
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for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter, in particular to liquid crystals and polymers
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gptkb:Andrei_Alexeyevich_Abrikosov
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for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids
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