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gptkb:Friedrich_W._Aston
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for his discovery, by means of his mass spectrograph, of isotopes, in a large number of non-radioactive elements, and for his enunciation of the whole-number rule
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gptkb:Andrei_Alexeyevich_Abrikosov
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for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids
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gptkb:Wilhelm_Röntgen
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in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him
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gptkb:Herta_Müller
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who, with the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose, depicts the landscape of the dispossessed
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gptkb:Rudolf_Mössbauer
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for his researches concerning the resonance absorption of gamma radiation and his discovery in this connection of the effect which bears his name
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gptkb:Thomas_Steitz
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studies of the structure and function of the ribosome
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gptkb:Kenneth_Wilson
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for his theory for critical phenomena in connection with phase transitions
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gptkb:Albert_von_Szent-Györgyi
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for his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes, with special reference to vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid
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gptkb:Zhores_Alferov
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for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and optoelectronics
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gptkb:Robert_Sanderson_Mulliken
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for his fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules by the molecular orbital method
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gptkb:Jules_Bordet
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for his discoveries relating to immunity
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gptkb:Willis_E._Lamb
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for his discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum
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gptkb:Pierre-Gilles_de_Gennes
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for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter, in particular to liquid crystals and polymers
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gptkb:Alain_Aspect
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for experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science
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gptkb:Paul_J._Flory
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for his fundamental achievements, both theoretical and experimental, in the physical chemistry of macromolecules
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gptkb:Karl_Manne_Georg_Siegbahn
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for his discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy
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gptkb:Bert_Sakmann
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for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells
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gptkb:Georg_von_Békésy
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for his discoveries concerning the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea
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gptkb:Melvin_Calvin
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for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants
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gptkb:Gerhard_Domagk
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for the discovery of the antibacterial effects of prontosil
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