|
gptkbp:instanceOf
|
gptkb:drug
gptkb:insulin
medical device
hormone
long-acting insulin
|
|
gptkbp:administeredBy
|
gptkb:insulin
animals
humans
injection
|
|
gptkbp:administeredOnceDaily
|
true
|
|
gptkbp:administrationTiming
|
immediately before meals
within 15 minutes before or immediately after meals
|
|
gptkbp:affects
|
protein metabolism
carbohydrate metabolism
fat metabolism
|
|
gptkbp:alternativeName
|
incretin
insulin_analog
insulin_aspart
insulin_aspart_injection
insulin_glargine
insulin_glulisine
insulin_lispro
insulin_lispro_injection
insulin_medication
insulin_pump
interferon
|
|
gptkbp:alternativeTo
|
multiple daily injections
|
|
gptkbp:approvalYear
|
1996
2000
2004
|
|
gptkbp:approvedBy
|
gptkb:FDA
gptkb:EMA
|
|
gptkbp:ATCCode
|
gptkb:A10AB04
A10A
A10AE04
A10AB05
A10AB06
|
|
gptkbp:bioavailability
|
high
|
|
gptkbp:biosimilar
|
gptkb:Admelog
gptkb:Basaglar
gptkb:Insulin_NPH
gptkb:Insulin_aspart
gptkb:Insulin_degludec
gptkb:Insulin_detemir
gptkb:Insulin_glargine
gptkb:Insulin_glulisine
gptkb:Insulin_lente
gptkb:Insulin_lispro
gptkb:Insulin_regular
gptkb:Insulin_ultralente
gptkb:Semglee
true
Insulin human
Insulin zinc suspension
|
|
gptkbp:brand
|
gptkb:Admelog
gptkb:Apidra
gptkb:Basaglar
gptkb:Fiasp
gptkb:NovoLog
gptkb:Humalog
gptkb:Lantus
gptkb:Toujeo
|
|
gptkbp:canBe
|
tubeless
tubed
|
|
gptkbp:canBeProgrammedFor
|
personalized insulin delivery
|
|
gptkbp:CASNumber
|
gptkb:133107-39-8
11061-68-0
160337-95-1
207748-29-6
33025-10-8
|
|
gptkbp:component
|
gptkb:reservoir
control unit
infusion set
|
|
gptkbp:contraindication
|
hypersensitivity
hypersensitivity to insulin lispro
|
|
gptkbp:controlledBy
|
smartphone app
|
|
gptkbp:coveredBy
|
some health insurance plans
|
|
gptkbp:degradedBy
|
gptkb:DPP-4_enzyme
|
|
gptkbp:deliveredBy
|
gptkb:insulin
basal insulin
bolus insulin
|
|
gptkbp:developedBy
|
gptkb:Novo_Nordisk
gptkb:Eli_Lilly_and_Company
gptkb:Sanofi
|
|
gptkbp:developer
|
gptkb:Novo_Nordisk
gptkb:Sanofi
|
|
gptkbp:differenceFromHumanInsulin
|
asparagine at B3 replaced by lysine
lysine at B29 replaced by glutamic acid
proline at position B28 replaced by aspartic acid
proline and lysine at positions 28 and 29 are reversed
|
|
gptkbp:discoveredBy
|
gptkb:Frederick_Banting
gptkb:Charles_Best
gptkb:James_Collip
gptkb:John_Macleod
|
|
gptkbp:discoveredIn
|
1921
|
|
gptkbp:duration
|
short
3-5 hours
2 to 4 hours
up to 24 hours
|
|
gptkbp:effect
|
lower blood glucose
|
|
gptkbp:eliminationHalfLife
|
42 minutes
81 minutes
1 hour
12 hours
~1 hour
|
|
gptkbp:encodedBy
|
gptkb:INS_gene
|
|
gptkbp:enemyOf
|
gptkb:glucagon
|
|
gptkbp:essentialMedicineOf
|
gptkb:World_Health_Organization
|
|
gptkbp:firstUsedInMedicine
|
1922
|
|
gptkbp:form
|
cartridge
solution for injection
pre-filled pen
vial
|
|
gptkbp:function
|
stimulate insulin secretion
|
|
gptkbp:halfLife
|
about 1 hour
4-6 minutes
|
|
gptkbp:hasMolecularFormula
|
C257H383N65O77S6
C267H404N72O78S6
C256H381N65O79S6
C258H384N64O78S6
|
|
https://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label
|
insulin
|
|
gptkbp:includedIn
|
gptkb:WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines
|
|
gptkbp:includes
|
gptkb:GLP-1
gptkb:GIP
|
|
gptkbp:indication
|
gptkb:type_2_diabetes
type 1 diabetes
|
|
gptkbp:interactsWith
|
gptkb:beer
beta blockers
other antidiabetic agents
|
|
gptkbp:inventedBy
|
1960s
|
|
gptkbp:legalStatus
|
prescription only
|
|
gptkbp:linkedBy
|
disulfide bonds
|
|
gptkbp:marketedAs
|
gptkb:Actrapid
gptkb:Admelog
gptkb:Afrezza
gptkb:Apidra
gptkb:Basaglar
gptkb:Biosulin
gptkb:Fiasp
gptkb:Gensulin
gptkb:Humulin
gptkb:Hypurin
gptkb:Iletin
gptkb:Insulatard
gptkb:Insuman
gptkb:Levemir
gptkb:Mixtard
gptkb:Novolin
gptkb:Protaphane
gptkb:Ryzodeg
gptkb:Soliqua
gptkb:Tresiba
gptkb:Velosulin
gptkb:Wosulin
gptkb:Xultophy
gptkb:Medtronic
gptkb:Sanofi
gptkb:NovoRapid
gptkb:Roche
gptkb:Humalog
gptkb:Insulet
gptkb:Tandem_Diabetes_Care
gptkb:Ypsomed
gptkb:Lantus
gptkb:Toujeo
Bovine insulin
Insugen
Porcine insulin
Recombinant human insulin
|
|
gptkbp:mayInclude
|
continuous glucose monitor integration
|
|
gptkbp:mechanismOfAction
|
lowers blood glucose by stimulating peripheral glucose uptake
lowers blood glucose
binds to insulin receptor
regulates blood glucose
lowers blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of glucose
|
|
gptkbp:MeSH_ID
|
D007328
|
|
gptkbp:metabolism
|
gptkb:kidney
liver
|
|
gptkbp:onset
|
gptkb:fire
15 minutes
10-20 minutes
1-2 hours
|
|
gptkbp:patentedYear
|
1923
|
|
gptkbp:pregnancyCategory
|
B (US)
C (US)
|
|
gptkbp:prescribes
|
gptkb:type_2_diabetes
adults
children
type 1 diabetes
|
|
gptkbp:producedBy
|
pancreas
gut
beta cells
|
|
gptkbp:product
|
recombinant DNA
recombinant
recombinant human insulin analogue
|
|
gptkbp:proteinSequenceModification
|
proline at position B28 replaced by aspartic acid
proline and lysine at positions B28 and B29 are reversed compared to human insulin
|
|
gptkbp:PubChem_CID
|
16132288
16132497
16132453
DB01307
|
|
gptkbp:regulates
|
gptkb:FDA
blood glucose
|
|
gptkbp:releasedInResponseTo
|
food intake
|
|
gptkbp:requires
|
gptkb:battery
regular monitoring
insulin cartridge
|
|
gptkbp:riskFactor
|
infection at infusion site
ketoacidosis if malfunction
|
|
gptkbp:routeOfAdministration
|
subcutaneous
subcutaneous injection
intravenous injection
|
|
gptkbp:sideEffect
|
gptkb:hypoglycemia
injection site reaction
weight gain
allergic reaction
allergic reactions
injection site reactions
lipodystrophy
|
|
gptkbp:storage
|
refrigeration
refrigerate
2-8°C (refrigerated)
|
|
gptkbp:structure
|
A chain and B chain
two polypeptide chains
|
|
gptkbp:type
|
peptide
|
|
gptkbp:UNII
|
IY9XDZ35W2
GFX7QIS1II
P8DT1JZZ3U
GDT1G0Y3X8
|
|
gptkbp:usedBy
|
people with type 1 diabetes
people with type 2 diabetes
|
|
gptkbp:usedFor
|
gptkb:diabetes_mellitus
gptkb:diabetes_mellitus_type_2
gptkb:type_2_diabetes
type 1 diabetes
diabetes management
diabetes mellitus type 1
|
|
gptkbp:usedInTreatmentOf
|
gptkb:type_2_diabetes
|
|
gptkbp:WHOModelListOfEssentialMedicines
|
true
|
|
gptkbp:bfsParent
|
gptkb:AKT_signaling_pathway
gptkb:PI3K/AKT/mTOR_pathway
gptkb:Essential_Medicines
gptkb:PI3K/AKT_pathway
gptkb:hepatitis_C
gptkb:diabetes
gptkb:Hepatitis_B
gptkb:Hepatitis_C
gptkb:mTOR_pathway
|
|
gptkbp:bfsLayer
|
5
|