Statements (817)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| gptkbp:instance_of |
gptkb:treaty
|
| gptkbp:bfsLayer |
2
|
| gptkbp:bfsParent |
gptkb:World_War_II
|
| gptkbp:affects |
set the stage for future conflicts
political instability in Europe recognition of American independence establishment of borders for the United States |
| gptkbp:aftermath |
gptkb:World_War_I
|
| gptkbp:aircraft_operated |
gptkb:theorem
no air force allowed |
| gptkbp:allows |
gptkb:German_Air_Force
gptkb:German_Military German military no conscription for Germany on Germany German military capabilities German army limited to 100,000 troops Germany prohibited from having an air force Germany prohibited from having submarines Germany prohibited from having tanks Germany's army limited to 100,000 troops German Navy over 15,000 tons German Army limited to 100,000 men naval restrictions on Germany no air force for Germany no tanks for Germany Germany from uniting with Austria Germany from having an air force the size of the German military |
| gptkbp:amended_by |
gptkb:Treaty_of_Lausanne
gptkb:Treaty_of_Rapallo gptkb:Treaty_of_Locarno gptkb:theorem subsequent treaties Treaty of Versailles (revisions) |
| gptkbp:architect |
gptkb:Georges_Clemenceau
gptkb:President_Woodrow_Wilson gptkb:David_Lloyd_George |
| gptkbp:associated_with |
gptkb:Georges_Clemenceau
gptkb:President_Woodrow_Wilson gptkb:David_Lloyd_George gptkb:Vittorio_Orlando |
| gptkbp:author |
gptkb:Georges_Clemenceau
gptkb:President_Woodrow_Wilson gptkb:David_Lloyd_George gptkb:Vittorio_Orlando |
| gptkbp:bitterness |
in Germany
|
| gptkbp:borders |
gptkb:Bulgaria_plebiscite_held_in_1920
gptkb:Hungarian_plebiscite_held_in_1920 gptkb:Europe gptkb:theorem in Europe new nations in Eastern Europe Austria reduced in size Austrian plebiscite held in 1920 Baltic States plebiscite held in 1920 Baltic States recognized Bulgaria reduced in size Czechoslovakia created Czechoslovakia plebiscite held in 1938 Danzig declared a Free City Danzig plebiscite held in 1920 East Prussia separated from Germany Finland plebiscite held in 1920 Finland recognized Hungary reduced in size Memel plebiscite held in 1923 Memel region transferred to Lithuania Plebiscites held in disputed territories Rhineland demilitarized zone created Romania expanded Romanian plebiscite held in 1920 Saar Basin placed under League of Nations control Saar plebiscite held in 1935 Sudetenland given to Czechoslovakia Upper Silesia contested between Poland and Germany Upper Silesia plebiscite held in 1921 West Prussia ceded to Poland Yugoslavia created |
| gptkbp:caused_by |
gptkb:World_War_II
political instability in Germany |
| gptkbp:community_impact |
political instability
economic hardship set the stage for World War II redrew national boundaries rise of extremism national humiliation contributed to political instability contributed to rise of Nazism caused economic hardship |
| gptkbp:conference |
gptkb:Paris_Peace_Conference
|
| gptkbp:conflict |
gptkb:government_agency
|
| gptkbp:consequences |
redrew the map of Europe
hyperinflation in Germany led to the establishment of the United Nations influenced the development of international law led to the establishment of the Weimar Republic rise of Adolf Hitler led to the rise of nationalist movements created a legacy of unresolved grievances influenced the Cold War dynamics led to the establishment of the European Union shaped modern European history increased tensions in Eastern Europe created new nation-states in Europe established mandates in the Middle East influenced the Treaty of Versailles Conference led to the rise of fascism in Europe sparked anti-treaty sentiments in Germany rise of extremist political movements in Germany |
| gptkbp:contributed_to |
the rise of Adolf Hitler
rise of Nazi Germany rise of Adolf Hitler |
| gptkbp:controversy |
opposition in the U. S.
led to political instability in Europe seen as too harsh on Germany opposed by isolationists in the U. S. opposed by some European leaders Diktat harshness towards Germany over harsh terms |
| gptkbp:created |
gptkb:football_club
gptkb:Monarch in Germany new nations in Eastern Europe new nations in Europe |
| gptkbp:cultural_impact |
inspired literature and films
impact on German art subject of numerous historical analyses depicted in art and media rise of nationalism in Germany impact on German politics influenced German literature and art impact on German literature |
| gptkbp:date |
gptkb:1871
1783 1919 June 28, 1919 |
| gptkbp:depicted_in |
a failure in the long term
a Diktat by Germany |
| gptkbp:diplomatic_relations |
gptkb:Georges_Clemenceau
gptkb:1871 gptkb:Treaty_of_Lausanne gptkb:Treaty_of_Sèvres gptkb:Treaty_of_Saint-Germain gptkb:Treaty_of_Trianon gptkb:President_Woodrow_Wilson gptkb:David_Lloyd_George gptkb:theorem in the 20th century after World War I Allied leaders shifted power dynamics in Europe realignment of European powers changed the course of history. to establish peace according to some historians for the Allies shift towards isolationism that ended World War I that ended hostilities that reshaped Europe |
| gptkbp:discusses |
gptkb:Paris_Peace_Conference
|
| gptkbp:dissolved |
gptkb:Sultan
gptkb:Austro-Hungarian_Empire |
| gptkbp:doctrine |
Germany's military capabilities restricted
|
| gptkbp:draft_year |
May 7, 1919
|
| gptkbp:economic_impact |
gptkb:theorem
in Germany hyperinflation in Germany led to hyperinflation in Germany Great Depression exacerbated loss of industrial regions severe on Germany |
| gptkbp:effective_date |
January 10, 1920
|
| gptkbp:enacted_by |
gptkb:French_National_Assembly
gptkb:election gptkb:government_agency gptkb:Allied_Powers gptkb:Italy gptkb:Japan gptkb:Monarch gptkb:United_Kingdom gptkb:United_States_Senate gptkb:German_National_Assembly gptkb:German_Parliament gptkb:the_United_States_Senate 1784 June 28, 1919 U. S. Senate (not ratified) U. S. Senate rejected ratification ratified by the United States Senate in 1920 required approval from signatory nations |
| gptkbp:ends_at |
gptkb:World_War_I
gptkb:Franco-Prussian_War |
| gptkbp:enforces |
gptkb:Allied_Occupation_Forces
League of Nations responsible for enforcement reparations on Germany League of Nations' role |
| gptkbp:established |
gptkb:Baltic_States
gptkb:War_Guilt_Clause gptkb:football_club gptkb:Austria gptkb:Finland gptkb:Hungary gptkb:Monarch gptkb:the_League_of_Nations new nations new national borders in Europe new national borders mandates in the Middle East new National Boundaries In Europe |
| gptkbp:first_introduced |
gptkb:World_War_I
gptkb:World_War_II |
| gptkbp:followed_by |
gptkb:Treaty_of_Frankfurt
gptkb:Treaty_of_Lausanne gptkb:Treaty_of_Sèvres gptkb:Treaty_of_Saint-Germain gptkb:Treaty_of_Trianon gptkb:League_of_Nations_Covenant the Treaty of Saint-Germain |
| gptkbp:founded |
gptkb:the_Weimar_Republic
gptkb:Weimar_Republic |
| gptkbp:historical_context |
varied among historians
post-World War I era reflects the power dynamics of the time aimed to prevent future wars part of the Paris Peace Conference signed after World War I |
| gptkbp:historical_debate |
gptkb:United_States_Senate
gptkb:Senate_Foreign_Relations_Committee gptkb:the_League_of_Nations gptkb:US_Congress historical scholarship several months political circles in political circles long-term consequences fairness of terms debated by historians regarding its fairness debated for its role in WWII effectiveness of League of Nations |
| gptkbp:historical_documentation |
of significant importance.
shaped modern Europe |
| gptkbp:historical_event |
gptkb:Embassy
impact on future conflicts ratification process impact on global politics impact on future treaties impact on international law signing ceremony impact on human rights impact on decolonization impact on European integration impact on the Cold War impact on the United Nations reactions in Britain reactions in France reactions in Italy reactions in Japan reactions in other countries reactions in the United States |
| gptkbp:historical_impact |
gptkb:significant
gptkb:theorem dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire demilitarization of the Rhineland set stage for future conflicts loss of colonies creation of the Free City of Danzig partitioning of the Ottoman Empire |
| gptkbp:historical_significance |
high
set the stage for World War II shaped post-war Europe first treaty to recognize U. S. sovereignty set stage for World War II marked the end of imperialism in Europe first major peace treaty of the 20th century ended World War I marked the end of World War I |
| https://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label |
Treaty of Versailles
|
| gptkbp:impact |
set precedent for future treaties
establishment of the League of Nations influenced international relations contributed to the rise of nationalism redrawing of European borders led to further conflicts in North America shaped U. S. foreign policy led to World War II contributed to the rise of Adolf Hitler led to economic hardship in Germany sparked debates on national self-determination considered a factor in World War II led to political instability in Germany sparked debates about fairness and justice |
| gptkbp:includes |
gptkb:dinosaur
gptkb:Article_231 disarmament disarmament clauses indemnity payments Article 231 (War Guilt Clause) |
| gptkbp:includes_provisions_for |
gptkb:War_Guilt_Clause
gptkb:Austria disarmament reparations imposed on Germany disarmament of Germany territorial losses for Germany military restrictions on Germany The Treaty was a subject of debate among historians. The Treaty was a significant event in 20th-century history. The Treaty was a key document in international relations. Germany must accept responsibility for causing the war. The Treaty was seen as a failure by some historians. The Treaty was a turning point in international diplomacy. The Treaty was a major factor in shaping modern Europe. The Saar Basin is placed under League of Nations control. The Treaty was a significant event in the history of diplomacy. Germany is prohibited from uniting with Austria. Germany loses its overseas colonies. Germany loses territory in Europe. Germany must disarm. Germany must pay reparations. Germany must renounce the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. Germany's military is limited to 100,000 troops. The Treaty included reparations for civilian damages. The Treaty was a turning point in the history of international law. Poland is re-established as a nation. The Covenant of the League of Nations is included. The Danzig Corridor is created. The League of Nations is established. The League of Nations mandates are established. The Rhineland is demilitarized. The Treaty aimed to prevent future conflicts. The Treaty included provisions for disarmament. The Treaty includes 440 articles. The Treaty is considered a cause of World War II. The Treaty was a complex negotiation process. The Treaty was a controversial document. The Treaty was a landmark in peace negotiations. The Treaty was a product of the Allied victory. The Treaty was a response to World War I. The Treaty was a source of resentment in Germany. The Treaty was part of a series of peace treaties. The Treaty was signed by Germany under duress. The Treaty was signed by the Big Four leaders. The Treaty was signed in the Hall of Mirrors. The Treaty was signed in the aftermath of the war. The Treaty was a key factor in the rise of extremism in Germany. War guilt clause is included. The Treaty was a complex document with many clauses. The Treaty was a response to the devastation of World War I. The Treaty was negotiated at the Paris Peace Conference. The Treaty was a major diplomatic achievement for the Allies. The Treaty was a catalyst for political change in Europe. The Treaty led to the establishment of new nations in Europe. The Treaty includes provisions for the protection of minorities. The Treaty was signed by representatives of 32 countries. The Treaty was ratified by the United States Senate. Germany must pay 132 billion gold marks in reparations. The Treaty was criticized for its economic impact on Germany. The Treaty was intended to establish lasting peace. The Allied powers gain control over German colonies. The Treaty was a reflection of the power dynamics of the time. The Treaty was one of five treaties signed at the Paris Peace Conference. The Treaty was a significant factor in the interwar period. The Treaty included territorial changes in Eastern Europe. The Treaty was intended to redraw the map of Europe. The Treaty was a response to the demands of the public. Colonies of Germany are redistributed among Allies. The Treaty faced significant opposition in the U. S. The Treaty was criticized for being too harsh on Germany. the War Guilt Clause having an air force having submarines |
| gptkbp:influence |
subsequent treaties
influenced international relations influenced the concept of collective security influenced future peace treaties |
| gptkbp:influenced |
gptkb:Embassy
political ideologies German foreign policy subsequent treaties future treaties future international treaties future International Relations |
| gptkbp:influenced_by |
gptkb:flag
gptkb:Fourteen_Points gptkb:Woodrow_Wilson's_Fourteen_Points gptkb:Wilson's_Fourteen_Points Enlightenment ideas economic factors British colonial policies nationalism in Europe imperialism Fourteen Points by Woodrow Wilson American revolutionary sentiment economic conditions post-WWI desire for revenge against Germany political pressures from Allied nations |
| gptkbp:involved_countries |
gptkb:government_agency
gptkb:Allied_Powers gptkb:Estonia gptkb:Finland gptkb:Hungary gptkb:Italy gptkb:Japan gptkb:Monarch gptkb:Politician gptkb:Sultan gptkb:United_Kingdom gptkb:United_States gptkb:Austro-Hungarian_Empire gptkb:theorem in Europe in Eastern Europe distributed among Allies |
| gptkbp:is_a_culmination_of |
World War I negotiations
|
| gptkbp:is_a_source_of |
political tension in Europe
|
| gptkbp:is_affected_by |
gptkb:Alsace-Lorraine
German economy |
| gptkbp:is_aimed_at |
promoting self-determination
establishing a new world order restoring peace in Europe preventing Future Wars preventing future aggression punishing Germany restructuring Europe |
| gptkbp:is_available_in |
gptkb:election
gptkb:United_States_Senate |
| gptkbp:is_available_on |
November 19, 1919
|
| gptkbp:is_challenged_by |
German Political Parties
|
| gptkbp:is_considered |
a significant historical document
|
| gptkbp:is_criticized_for |
gptkb:dinosaur
gptkb:John_Maynard_Keynes lack of enforcement mechanisms historical interpretation lack of fairness among historians harsh terms its fairness its harsh terms due to harsh terms League of Nations membership harsh terms on Germany failed to ensure lasting peace seen as too harsh on Germany resentment in Germany considered too harsh on Germany seen as a failure of diplomacy led to feelings of betrayal in Germany creating Conditions For World War II harsh Terms For Germany not preventing future conflicts harshness towards Germany creating economic hardship in Germany failing to include all nations leading to World War II not addressing colonial issues not ensuring lasting peace its punitive measures against Germany lack of German representation harsh penalties on Germany a power vacuum in Europe |
| gptkbp:is_designed_to |
lasting peace
future conflicts prevent future wars establish lasting peace future wars punish Germany rebuild Europe |
| gptkbp:is_discussed_in |
historical studies
|
| gptkbp:is_effective_against |
January 10, 1920
debated by historians |
| gptkbp:is_influenced_by |
gptkb:theorem
|
| gptkbp:is_influential_in |
subsequent international treaties
|
| gptkbp:is_involved_in |
mandates in the Middle East
|
| gptkbp:is_motivated_by |
punishment of Germany
|
| gptkbp:is_opposed_by |
gptkb:Henry_Cabot_Lodge
German politicians Republican Senators isolationists progressives isolationists in the U. S. Isolationists In The US German delegates Isolationists in the U. S. |
| gptkbp:is_part_of |
gptkb:Treaty_Of_Sèvres
gptkb:Treaty_Of_Trianon gptkb:Paris_Peace_Conference gptkb:Treaty_of_Saint-Germain post-war settlement the Treaty of Versailles system a series of treaties peace settlements after the Franco-Prussian War Treaty Of Saint-Germain post World War I Peace Treaties peace treaties of 1919 peace settlements after wars |
| gptkbp:is_played_by |
Allied Powers and Germany
|
| gptkbp:is_reflected_in |
post-war sentiments
|
| gptkbp:is_subject_to |
gptkb:Article_231
Article 231 assigns blame to Germany |
| gptkbp:is_supported_by |
gptkb:President_Woodrow_Wilson
Democratic Senators |
| gptkbp:iso639-3 |
gptkb:War_Guilt_Clause
|
| gptkbp:key |
the history of diplomacy
20th century geopolitics |
| gptkbp:key_event |
international relations history
|
| gptkbp:landmark |
gptkb:Embassy
in international relations in international law international diplomacy. |
| gptkbp:league |
gptkb:theorem
established established as part of the treaty Germany initially excluded |
| gptkbp:led_to |
gptkb:World_War_II
political changes in Europe political instability in Germany economic hardship in Germany rise of Adolf Hitler political tensions in Europe rise of nationalism in Germany German economic crisis political Instability In Germany discontent in Germany Dissatisfaction in Germany rise of extremist parties in Germany |
| gptkbp:legacy |
shaped international relations in the 20th century
seen as a failure by some historians influence on international relations symbol of peace negotiations debate over fairness remains a controversial historical document remains a subject of historical debate controversial peace treaty influenced future peace treaties controversial peace settlement |
| gptkbp:legislation |
gptkb:War_Guilt_Clause
|
| gptkbp:location |
gptkb:Versailles,_France
|
| gptkbp:losses |
Togoland and Cameroon
|
| gptkbp:mandates |
gptkb:government_agency
gptkb:theorem in the Middle East on Germany Middle Eastern territories former Ottoman territories |
| gptkbp:military_branch |
gptkb:government_agency
limited German army to 100,000 troops German Army to 100,000 troops |
| gptkbp:military_technology |
gptkb:government_agency
gptkb:theorem 100,000 troops limited to 100,000 troops no conscription allowed to 100,000 troops |
| gptkbp:minister |
gptkb:Georges_Clemenceau
gptkb:David_Lloyd_George gptkb:Vittorio_Orlando |
| gptkbp:negotiated_by |
gptkb:Big_Four
gptkb:Georges_Clemenceau gptkb:Paris_Peace_Conference gptkb:Palace_of_Versailles gptkb:Allied_Powers gptkb:President_Woodrow_Wilson gptkb:David_Lloyd_George gptkb:the_Paris_Peace_Conference 1919 6 months different Allied Powers' interests multiple nations. with multiple clauses between the Allies |
| gptkbp:notable_event |
diplomatic history
20th-century history |
| gptkbp:notable_figures |
gptkb:Benjamin_Franklin
gptkb:Richard_Oswald gptkb:David_Hartley gptkb:Charles_Gravier,_Comte_de_Vergennes gptkb:John_Jay gptkb:Thomas_Jefferson gptkb:John_Adams gptkb:William_Pitt_the_Elder gptkb:Lord_Shelburne gptkb:Henry_Laurens |
| gptkbp:notable_products |
gptkb:War_Guilt_Clause
|
| gptkbp:notable_ships |
gptkb:theorem
to 6 battleships limited to six battleships |
| gptkbp:outcome |
establishment of fishing rights for Americans
loss of British territories in North America return of loyalist property territorial gains for the United States |
| gptkbp:part_of |
post-World War I treaties
|
| gptkbp:philanthropy |
132 billion gold marks
|
| gptkbp:plot_twist |
by some nations
|
| gptkbp:political_position |
gptkb:theorem
rise of extremist parties |
| gptkbp:preceded_by |
gptkb:Treaty_of_Paris_(1763)
|
| gptkbp:president |
gptkb:President_Woodrow_Wilson
|
| gptkbp:primary_source |
to formally end World War I
|
| gptkbp:products |
national interests
post-war negotiations World War I negotiations |
| gptkbp:proposed_by |
gptkb:President_Woodrow_Wilson
|
| gptkbp:public_perception |
gptkb:theorem
mixed reactions mixed reactions in Germany celebrated in France mixed reactions in the U. S. resented in Germany support in Allied countries |
| gptkbp:published_by |
gptkb:War_Guilt_Clause
Official Documents French and English |
| gptkbp:purpose |
end the American Revolutionary War
to end World War I end World War I |
| gptkbp:receives_funding_from |
gptkb:2010
to assess damages |
| gptkbp:reduces |
German territory
German territory by 13%. |
| gptkbp:related_to |
gptkb:American_Revolutionary_War
gptkb:Monarch gptkb:French_and_Indian_War gptkb:League_of_Nations_Covenant |
| gptkbp:related_works |
gptkb:Treaty_of_Lausanne
gptkb:Treaty_of_Sèvres gptkb:Treaty_of_Saint-Germain gptkb:Treaty_of_Trianon gptkb:League_of_Nations_Covenant |
| gptkbp:reliability |
gptkb:theorem
by historians it did not ensure peace |
| gptkbp:repealed_by |
gptkb:United_States
|
| gptkbp:replaced_by |
gptkb:Treaty_of_Locarno
|
| gptkbp:requires |
disarmament of Germany
territories to neighboring countries |
| gptkbp:resulted_in |
gptkb:football_club
gptkb:Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk gptkb:Armistice_of_November_11,_1918 territorial changes French territorial gains territorial changes in Europe territorial losses for Germany Franco-German rivalry German territorial losses loss of German territories territorial Losses For Germany Diktat the Treaty of Locarno negotiations among Allies |
| gptkbp:reunion |
Germany required to pay reparations
Germany was required to pay reparations |
| gptkbp:signatories |
gptkb:government_agency
gptkb:Allied_Powers gptkb:Britain gptkb:Italy gptkb:Japan gptkb:Monarch gptkb:Netherlands gptkb:Spain gptkb:United_Kingdom gptkb:United_States gptkb:tree |
| gptkbp:signature_move |
gptkb:Palace_of_Versailles
Hall of Mirrors, Palace of Versailles |
| gptkbp:signed_by |
gptkb:Georges_Clemenceau
gptkb:Versailles,_France gptkb:government_agency gptkb:Palace_of_Versailles gptkb:Allied_Powers gptkb:Friedrich_Ebert gptkb:Italy gptkb:Japan gptkb:Monarch gptkb:United_Kingdom gptkb:United_States gptkb:Hall_of_Mirrors gptkb:President_Woodrow_Wilson gptkb:Versailles_Palace gptkb:David_Lloyd_George gptkb:Vittorio_Orlando 1919 May 10, 1871 over 30 countries negotiations June 28, 1919 international media the Allied Powers 32 countries representatives of 32 countries in the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles Hall of Mirrors, Palace of Versailles the Allied nations Allied Powers And Germany Germany and Allied Powers Francesco Nitti (Italy) Friedrich Ebert (Germany) Kijūrō Shidehara (Japan) Philippe Pétain (France) Germany and the Allied Powers the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles |
| gptkbp:sparked |
nationalist movements
debates on self-determination |
| gptkbp:squadrons |
to zero
|
| gptkbp:strategic_importance |
gptkb:Historical_Society
gptkb:United_States_Senate |
| gptkbp:subject |
gptkb:Politician
gptkb:military_conflict political discourse of the 1920s |
| gptkbp:succeeded_by |
gptkb:Treaty_of_Paris_(1898)
|
| gptkbp:territory |
gptkb:Alsace-Lorraine
gptkb:government_agency after World War I Polish Corridor to Poland Alsace-Lorraine to France Saar Basin to League of Nations to 1914 borders Danzig as a free city Alsace-Lorraine returned to France Poland re-established Polish Corridor created Germany lost territories Memel to Lithuania Danzig declared a free city Poland re-established as a nation Saar Basin administered by League of Nations Danzig as Free City parts of Prussia Northern Schleswig to Denmark |
| gptkbp:voting_method |
rejected ratification
|
| gptkbp:was |
by many historians
a subject of historical debate a catalyst for international relations changes a compromise between the Allies a diplomatic failure for the United States a diplomatic success for France a diplomatic success for Italy a diplomatic success for Japan a diplomatic success for the United Kingdom a key event in 20th-century history a result of the Paris Peace Conference a significant factor in the Cold War a significant factor in the interwar period criticized for its harsh terms one of the peace treaties ratified by France ratified by Italy ratified by Japan ratified by the United Kingdom signed at the Palace of Versailles |
| gptkbp:was_a_catalyst_for |
the rise of nationalism
European integration efforts future treaties |
| gptkbp:was_a_factor_in |
gptkb:the_Great_Depression
gptkb:World_War_II the interwar period the rise of nationalism the outbreak of World War II rise of Nazism in the rise of Adolf Hitler the economic crisis of the 1920s in Germany the instability of interwar Europe |
| gptkbp:was_a_proponent_of |
by many Germans
|
| gptkbp:was_a_response_to |
German aggression
the devastation of World War I |
| gptkbp:was_a_turning_point_for |
gptkb:Embassy
20th century history in global politics in world history 20th-century geopolitics |
| gptkbp:was_affecting |
gptkb:National_Identity
gptkb:Embassy gptkb:archaeological_site gptkb:German_Economy gptkb:legal_case gptkb:War_Crimes_Trials Global Governance International Trade Social Movements Global Economy Public Opinion Historical Research International Organizations Public Health Initiatives Environmental Policies Civic Engagement Political Ideologies Economic Policies Educational Reforms Philosophical Debates Artistic Expressions Cultural Exchanges Diplomatic Negotiations European Politics Military Alliances Military Strategies Technological Development National Security Policies Historical Narratives Geopolitical Strategies Peace Negotiations Ethical Discussions German Society Cultural Perceptions Media Representations Scientific Cooperation Crisis Management Strategies Colonial Possessions Conflict Resolution Methods Human Rights Debates International Relations Theories Literary Responses National Boundaries Peace Building Efforts Religious Responses |
| gptkbp:zone |
gptkb:Rhineland
|