gptkbp:known_for
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gptkb:Cultural_patronage
gptkb:Pan-Islamism
gptkb:Establishment_of_the_Ottoman_Bank
gptkb:Establishment_of_the_first_Ottoman_Constitution
Support for the arts
Promotion of education
Suppression of dissent
Autocratic rule
Support for education reforms
Modernization efforts
Censorship of the press
Involvement in the Russo-Turkish War
Expansion of the military
Building of railways
Conflict with the Young Turks
Legacy of controversy
Diplomatic relations with Germany
Deposition in 1909
Exile to Thessaloniki
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