| gptkbp:instanceOf | gptkb:historical_period 
 | 
                        
                            
                                | gptkbp:characterizedBy | rise of new political parties collapse of traditional parties
 major political changes
 
 | 
                        
                            
                                | gptkbp:country | gptkb:Italy 
 | 
                        
                            
                                | gptkbp:notableEvent | gptkb:COVID-19 gptkb:Mani_Pulite_investigation
 gptkb:2018_general_election
 gptkb:Tangentopoli_scandal
 economic reforms
 European integration
 constitutional reforms
 judicial activism
 rise of populism
 coalition governments
 frequent government changes
 rise of right-wing parties
 Eurozone membership
 electoral system reform
 2011 debt crisis
 2022 general election
 Berlusconi governments
 Conte governments
 Letta government
 Meloni government
 Monti technocratic government
 Prodi governments
 Renzi government
 decline of traditional left-wing parties
 fragmentation of party system
 introduction of majoritarian elements
 media influence in politics
 rise of anti-establishment movements
 
 | 
                        
                            
                                | gptkbp:notableFigure | gptkb:Mario_Monti gptkb:Massimo_D'Alema
 gptkb:Giorgia_Meloni
 gptkb:Romano_Prodi
 gptkb:Enrico_Letta
 gptkb:Giuliano_Amato
 gptkb:Giuseppe_Conte
 gptkb:Matteo_Renzi
 gptkb:Silvio_Berlusconi
 
 | 
                        
                            
                                | gptkbp:notableFor | gptkb:Democrats_of_the_Left gptkb:Italy_of_Values
 gptkb:The_People_of_Freedom
 gptkb:Democratic_Party
 gptkb:Forza_Italia
 gptkb:Brothers_of_Italy
 gptkb:National_Alliance
 gptkb:The_Olive_Tree_coalition
 gptkb:Lega_Nord
 gptkb:Five_Star_Movement
 gptkb:Union_of_the_Centre
 Left Ecology Freedom
 Christian Democracy (historical, dissolved)
 Italian Socialist Party (historical, dissolved)
 
 | 
                        
                            
                                | gptkbp:precededBy | gptkb:First_Italian_Republic 
 | 
                        
                            
                                | gptkbp:startDate | 1994 
 | 
                        
                            
                                | gptkbp:bfsParent | gptkb:Italian_political_crisis_of_the_1990s gptkb:End_of_the_First_Italian_Republic
 
 | 
                        
                            
                                | gptkbp:bfsLayer | 7 
 | 
                        
                            
                                | https://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label | Second Italian Republic 
 |