|
gptkbp:instance_of
|
gptkb:chemical_compound
|
|
gptkbp:bfsLayer
|
6
|
|
gptkbp:bfsParent
|
gptkb:Hot_Commodities
gptkb:Periodic_Table_of_Elements
gptkb:Mr._Ruthenium
|
|
gptkbp:category
|
transition metal
|
|
gptkbp:color
|
silvery-white
|
|
gptkbp:cooling_system
|
117 W/(m· K)
|
|
gptkbp:difficulty
|
6.5 (Mohs scale)
|
|
gptkbp:discovered_by
|
gptkb:Karl_Ernst_Claus
|
|
gptkbp:ecological_role
|
trace element
potential anticancer agent
|
|
gptkbp:electronegativity
|
2.2 (Pauling scale)
|
|
https://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label
|
Ruthenium
|
|
gptkbp:is_found_in
|
nickel ores
platinum ores
palladium ores
|
|
gptkbp:isotopes
|
gptkb:44
Ru-100
Ru-102
Ru-104
Ru-96
Ru-98
Ru-99
|
|
gptkbp:melting_point
|
2334 K
4150 K
|
|
gptkbp:notable_conductors
|
high
|
|
gptkbp:population
|
12.37 g/cm³
|
|
gptkbp:products
|
gptkb:Ruthenium(II)_acetylacetonate
gptkb:Ruthenium(II)_chloride
gptkb:Ruthenium(III)_chloride
gptkb:Ruthenium(IV)_oxide
gptkb:Ruthenium_tetroxide
Ruthenium carbonyls
Ruthenium hydride
Ruthenium sulfide
|
|
gptkbp:safety_features
|
low toxicity
handle with care
may cause skin irritation
not considered a carcinogen
|
|
gptkbp:set_in
|
gptkb:Platinum
gptkb:Rhodium
gptkb:Osmium
|
|
gptkbp:social_structure
|
+2
+8
+3
hexagonal close-packed
+4
|
|
gptkbp:symbol
|
Ru
|
|
gptkbp:uses
|
gptkb:item
electronics
catalysts
plating
|
|
gptkbp:values
|
approximately $300 per ounce (as of 2023)
varies by purity and form
|
|
gptkbp:year_created
|
1844
|