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gptkbp:cause
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population displacement
spread of the Black Death
cultural exchange between East and West
fall of the Abbasid Caliphate
fall of the Cuman-Kipchak confederation
fall of the Jin dynasty
fall of the Khwarazmian Empire
fall of the Kievan Rus'
fall of the Qara Khitai
fall of the Song dynasty
fall of the Western Xia
increased trade along the Silk Road
massive destruction of cities
rise of the Chagatai Khanate
rise of the Golden Horde
rise of the Ilkhanate
rise of the Timurid Empire
rise of the Yuan dynasty
spread of gunpowder technology
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