Sard's theorem

Target entity: Sard's theorem
Context triple: [Differential Topology (book), topic, Sard's theorem]

• A. Thom transversality theorem
  The Thom transversality theorem is a fundamental result in differential topology that guarantees generic smooth maps are transverse to given submanifolds, underpinning the study of stable phenomena and cobordism.
• B. Nash embedding theorem
  The Nash embedding theorem is a fundamental result in differential geometry that shows any Riemannian manifold can be isometrically embedded into some Euclidean space, thereby realizing abstract curved spaces as concrete subsets of standard Euclidean space.
• C. Whitney embedding theorem
  The Whitney embedding theorem is a fundamental result in differential topology stating that any smooth n-dimensional manifold can be embedded as a submanifold of Euclidean space of sufficiently high dimension (specifically \(\mathbb{R}^{2n}\)).
• D. Darboux theorem
  The Darboux theorem is a fundamental result in symplectic geometry stating that all symplectic manifolds are locally symplectomorphic to the standard symplectic space, implying that the symplectic form can always be put into a canonical local normal form.
• E. Poincaré–Hopf theorem
  The Poincaré–Hopf theorem is a fundamental result in differential topology that relates the sum of the indices of a vector field’s isolated zeros on a compact manifold to the manifold’s Euler characteristic.
• F. None of above. chosen
• G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

Target entity: Sard's theorem
Target entity description: Sard's theorem is a fundamental result in differential topology stating that the set of critical values of a smooth map between manifolds has measure zero, implying that almost all values are regular.

• A. Thom transversality theorem
  The Thom transversality theorem is a fundamental result in differential topology that guarantees generic smooth maps are transverse to given submanifolds, underpinning the study of stable phenomena and cobordism.
• B. Nash embedding theorem
  The Nash embedding theorem is a fundamental result in differential geometry that shows any Riemannian manifold can be isometrically embedded into some Euclidean space, thereby realizing abstract curved spaces as concrete subsets of standard Euclidean space.
• C. Whitney embedding theorem
  The Whitney embedding theorem is a fundamental result in differential topology stating that any smooth n-dimensional manifold can be embedded as a submanifold of Euclidean space of sufficiently high dimension (specifically \(\mathbb{R}^{2n}\)).
• D. Darboux theorem
  The Darboux theorem is a fundamental result in symplectic geometry stating that all symplectic manifolds are locally symplectomorphic to the standard symplectic space, implying that the symplectic form can always be put into a canonical local normal form.
• E. Poincaré–Hopf theorem
  The Poincaré–Hopf theorem is a fundamental result in differential topology that relates the sum of the indices of a vector field’s isolated zeros on a compact manifold to the manifold’s Euler characteristic.
• F. None of above. chosen