Fall of Beirut (1291)

E952840

Mamluk–Crusader conflict historical event siege

The Fall of Beirut (1291) was a key event in the final collapse of Crusader rule in the Levant, marking the Mamluk conquest of one of the last remaining Crusader-held coastal cities shortly after the loss of Acre.

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All labels observed (3)

Label	Occurrences
Fall of Beirut (1291) canonical	1
Mamluk capture of Beirut	1
Mamluk conquest of Beirut	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T11832962 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Fall of Beirut (1291)
Context triple: [Siege of Acre (1291), followedBy, Fall of Beirut (1291)]

A. Fall of Sidon (1291)
The Fall of Sidon (1291) was a key episode in the final collapse of Crusader rule in the Levant, when Mamluk forces captured and destroyed the coastal stronghold shortly after taking Acre.
B. Siege of Acre (1291)
The Siege of Acre (1291) was the decisive Mamluk assault that captured the last major Crusader stronghold in the Holy Land, effectively ending the Crusader states in the Levant.
C. Fall of Tripoli (1289)
The Fall of Tripoli (1289) was a decisive Mamluk conquest of the Crusader-held city of Tripoli in present-day Lebanon, marking a major step in the collapse of the remaining Crusader states in the Levant.
D. fall of Antioch in 1268
The fall of Antioch in 1268 was the Mamluk Sultan Baibars’ conquest and sack of the Crusader-held city of Antioch, marking a decisive blow to the remaining Crusader states in the Levant.
E. Siege of Jerusalem (1187)
The Siege of Jerusalem (1187) was the climactic Ayyubid capture of the Crusader-held city by Saladin, effectively ending nearly a century of Christian rule and prompting the Third Crusade.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Fall of Beirut (1291)
Target entity description: The Fall of Beirut (1291) was a key event in the final collapse of Crusader rule in the Levant, marking the Mamluk conquest of one of the last remaining Crusader-held coastal cities shortly after the loss of Acre.

A. Fall of Sidon (1291)
The Fall of Sidon (1291) was a key episode in the final collapse of Crusader rule in the Levant, when Mamluk forces captured and destroyed the coastal stronghold shortly after taking Acre.
B. Siege of Acre (1291)
The Siege of Acre (1291) was the decisive Mamluk assault that captured the last major Crusader stronghold in the Holy Land, effectively ending the Crusader states in the Levant.
C. Fall of Tripoli (1289)
The Fall of Tripoli (1289) was a decisive Mamluk conquest of the Crusader-held city of Tripoli in present-day Lebanon, marking a major step in the collapse of the remaining Crusader states in the Levant.
D. fall of Antioch in 1268
The fall of Antioch in 1268 was the Mamluk Sultan Baibars’ conquest and sack of the Crusader-held city of Antioch, marking a decisive blow to the remaining Crusader states in the Levant.
E. Siege of Jerusalem (1187)
The Siege of Jerusalem (1187) was the climactic Ayyubid capture of the Crusader-held city by Saladin, effectively ending nearly a century of Christian rule and prompting the Third Crusade.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (46)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	Mamluk–Crusader conflict ⓘ historical event ⓘ siege ⓘ
associatedWith	Kingdom of Jerusalem ⓘ Latin East ⓘ Mamluk Sultan al-Ashraf Khalil ⓘ linked to: Al-Ashraf Khalil
broaderContext	Muslim–Christian warfare in the eastern Mediterranean ⓘ transition from Crusader to Mamluk dominance in the Levant ⓘ
conflict	Crusades ⓘ Mamluk–Crusader wars ⓘ
country	Mamluk Sultanate ⓘ
followedBy	Mamluk conquest of Sidon ⓘ linked to: Fall of Sidon (1291) Mamluk conquest of Tyre ⓘ
follows	Fall of Acre (1291) ⓘ linked to: Siege of Acre (1291) Siege of Acre (1291) ⓘ
hasCause	Mamluk campaign to expel Crusaders from the Levant ⓘ linked to: Mamluk expansion into the Levant Mamluk victory at Acre ⓘ
hasEffect	consolidation of Mamluk control over the Levantine coast ⓘ end of Crusader rule in Beirut ⓘ further weakening of remaining Crusader coastal strongholds ⓘ
hasLocation	Beirut ⓘ Levant ⓘ linked to: Levant region eastern Mediterranean coast ⓘ
hasPart	Mamluk conquest of Beirut ⓘ linked to: Fall of Beirut (1291)
historicalPeriod	late Crusader period ⓘ
historicalRegion	Outremer ⓘ
militaryOutcome	decisive Mamluk victory ⓘ
opponent	Crusader garrison of Beirut ⓘ Mamluk forces ⓘ
participant	Crusader states ⓘ Kingdom of Jerusalem (residual coastal enclaves) ⓘ linked to: Kingdom of Jerusalem Mamluk Sultanate ⓘ Sultanate of Egypt ⓘ linked to: Mamluk Sultanate
partOf	Mamluk reconquest of the Crusader coastal cities ⓘ linked to: Mamluk expansion into the Levant final phase of the Crusader presence in the Holy Land ⓘ
pointInTime	1291 ⓘ late 13th century ⓘ
result	Mamluk capture of Beirut ⓘ linked to: Fall of Beirut (1291) expulsion of Latin Christian authorities from Beirut ⓘ integration of Beirut into the Mamluk administrative system ⓘ
significance	key event in the final collapse of Crusader rule in the Levant ⓘ marked the loss of one of the last Crusader-held coastal cities ⓘ
strategicImportance	control of a major Levantine port ⓘ denial of maritime bases to Western Crusaders ⓘ
temporalRelation	occurred shortly after the loss of Acre in 1291 ⓘ
typeOfAttack	siege and assault on fortified coastal city ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (3)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Siege of Acre (1291) → followedBy → Fall of Beirut (1291) ⓘ

Fall of Beirut (1291) → hasPart → Mamluk conquest of Beirut ⓘ

linked to: Fall of Beirut (1291)

Fall of Beirut (1291) → result → Mamluk capture of Beirut ⓘ