Nine-Power Treaty

E90923

international treaty multilateral agreement

The Nine-Power Treaty was a 1922 international agreement in which major powers affirmed China's sovereignty and the Open Door policy, aiming to limit imperialist encroachments in East Asia.

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All labels observed (4)

Label	Occurrences
Nine-Power Treaty canonical	6
Nine-Power Conference of 1937	1
Nine-Power Treaty of 1922	1
Treaty between the United States of America, Belgium, the British Empire, China, France, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands and Portugal, relating to Principles and Policies to be followed in matters concerning China	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T743503 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Nine-Power Treaty
Context triple: [Washington Naval Conference period, hasOutcome, Nine-Power Treaty]

A. Five-Power Treaty
The Five-Power Treaty was a 1922 naval disarmament agreement among major world powers that limited battleship construction and aimed to prevent an arms race at sea.
B. Four-Power Treaty
The Four-Power Treaty was a 1921 agreement between the United States, Britain, Japan, and France to consult one another in the event of disputes in the Pacific, helping to stabilize power relations and replace the Anglo-Japanese Alliance.
C. Treaty of San Francisco
The Treaty of San Francisco was the 1951 peace treaty between Japan and most Allied nations that officially ended World War II hostilities with Japan and restored its sovereignty.
D. Kellogg–Briand Pact
The Kellogg–Briand Pact was a 1928 international agreement in which numerous nations renounced war as an instrument of national policy, symbolizing idealistic efforts to secure peace in the interwar period.
E. Japan–Korea Annexation Treaty
The Japan–Korea Annexation Treaty was the 1910 agreement through which the Japanese Empire formally annexed Korea, initiating a period of colonial rule under a Japanese governor-general.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Nine-Power Treaty
Target entity description: The Nine-Power Treaty was a 1922 international agreement in which major powers affirmed China's sovereignty and the Open Door policy, aiming to limit imperialist encroachments in East Asia.

A. Five-Power Treaty
The Five-Power Treaty was a 1922 naval disarmament agreement among major world powers that limited battleship construction and aimed to prevent an arms race at sea.
B. Four-Power Treaty
The Four-Power Treaty was a 1921 agreement between the United States, Britain, Japan, and France to consult one another in the event of disputes in the Pacific, helping to stabilize power relations and replace the Anglo-Japanese Alliance.
C. Treaty of San Francisco
The Treaty of San Francisco was the 1951 peace treaty between Japan and most Allied nations that officially ended World War II hostilities with Japan and restored its sovereignty.
D. Kellogg–Briand Pact
The Kellogg–Briand Pact was a 1928 international agreement in which numerous nations renounced war as an instrument of national policy, symbolizing idealistic efforts to secure peace in the interwar period.
E. Japan–Korea Annexation Treaty
The Japan–Korea Annexation Treaty was the 1910 agreement through which the Japanese Empire formally annexed Korea, initiating a period of colonial rule under a Japanese governor-general.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (48)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	international treaty ⓘ multilateral agreement ⓘ
affirms	China's sovereignty ⓘ Open Door policy in China ⓘ administrative integrity of China ⓘ territorial integrity of China ⓘ
aimsTo	ensure equal commercial opportunity in China ⓘ limit imperialist encroachments in East Asia ⓘ
alsoKnownAs	Nine-Power Treaty ⓘ surface form: Treaty between the United States of America, Belgium, the British Empire, China, France, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands and Portugal, relating to Principles and Policies to be followed in matters concerning China
basedOnPolicy	Open Door policy ⓘ
category	1922 in international relations ⓘ Treaties of Japan ⓘ Treaties of the Republic of China ⓘ Treaties of the United States ⓘ
context	naval disarmament negotiations ⓘ post-World War I international order ⓘ
enteredIntoForce	1922 ⓘ
followedBy	diplomatic protests against Japanese actions in Manchuria ⓘ
geopoliticalFocus	China ⓘ Far East ⓘ
hasNumberOfParties	9 ⓘ
language	Chinese ⓘ English ⓘ French ⓘ
obliges	non-interference in China's internal administration ⓘ preservation of equal opportunity for commerce and industry of all nations in China ⓘ respect for China's independence ⓘ respect for China's territorial integrity ⓘ
partOf	Geneva Naval Conference ⓘ surface form: Washington Naval Conference
prohibits	special privileges that would impair equal opportunity in China ⓘ
referencedBy	Nine-Power Treaty self-linksurface differs ⓘ surface form: Nine-Power Conference of 1937
relatesTo	Chinese sovereignty ⓘ East Asia ⓘ international law ⓘ interwar diplomacy ⓘ
signatory	Belgium ⓘ British Empire ⓘ China ⓘ France ⓘ Italy ⓘ Japan ⓘ Netherlands ⓘ Portugal ⓘ United States of America ⓘ surface form: United States
signedAt	Washington, D.C. ⓘ
signedOn	1922-02-06 ⓘ
violatedBy	Japanese invasion of Manchuria ⓘ establishment of Manchukuo ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (9)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Washington Naval Conference period → hasOutcome → Nine-Power Treaty ⓘ

Nine-Power Treaty → alsoKnownAs → Nine-Power Treaty ⓘ

this entity surface form: Treaty between the United States of America, Belgium, the British Empire, China, France, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands and Portugal, relating to Principles and Policies to be followed in matters concerning China

Nine-Power Treaty → referencedBy → Nine-Power Treaty self-linksurface differs ⓘ

this entity surface form: Nine-Power Conference of 1937

Five-Power Treaty → relatedTo → Nine-Power Treaty ⓘ

Four-Power Treaty → relatedTo → Nine-Power Treaty ⓘ

Warren G. Harding administration → signedTreaty → Nine-Power Treaty ⓘ

Open Door policy → followedBy → Nine-Power Treaty ⓘ

Open Door policy → influenced → Nine-Power Treaty ⓘ

this entity surface form: Nine-Power Treaty of 1922

Washington Naval Conference → result → Nine-Power Treaty ⓘ

All labels observed (4)

How this entity was disambiguated Show

Statements (48)

How these facts were elicited Show

Referenced by (9)

How this entity was disambiguated

How these facts were elicited