Mark preserves material from both Matthew and Luke

E907370

solution to the Synoptic Problem theory of Synoptic relationships

The Augustinian hypothesis is a theory of the Synoptic Gospels’ literary relationship that places Matthew first, Luke second, and regards Mark as a later Gospel drawing on both of them.

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All labels observed (5)

Label	Occurrences
Mark is dependent on Matthew and Luke	1
Mark preserves material from both Matthew and Luke canonical	1
Mark used Luke as a source	1
Mark used Matthew and Luke	1
Mark used Matthew as a source	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T11129315 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Mark preserves material from both Matthew and Luke
Context triple: [Augustinian hypothesis, implies, Mark preserves material from both Matthew and Luke]

A. Gospel of Matthew
The Gospel of Matthew is a New Testament book that presents an account of Jesus Christ’s life, teachings, death, and resurrection, emphasizing his role as the Jewish Messiah and fulfillment of Old Testament prophecy.
B. Commentary on Matthew
Commentary on Matthew is an early Christian exegetical work offering theological and pastoral interpretation of the Gospel of Matthew, traditionally attributed to the 4th-century bishop Hilary of Poitiers.
C. Commentary on Matthew
Commentary on Matthew is an early Christian exegetical work by Origen that offers one of the first extensive theological and allegorical interpretations of the Gospel of Matthew.
D. Commentary on Matthew
Commentary on Matthew is a significant early Christian exegetical work by Jerome that offers a detailed theological and philological interpretation of the Gospel of Matthew.
E. Apostle Matthew
Apostle Matthew was one of the twelve disciples of Jesus, traditionally identified as a former tax collector and the author of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Mark preserves material from both Matthew and Luke
Target entity description: The Augustinian hypothesis is a theory of the Synoptic Gospels’ literary relationship that places Matthew first, Luke second, and regards Mark as a later Gospel drawing on both of them.

A. Gospel of Matthew
The Gospel of Matthew is a New Testament book that presents an account of Jesus Christ’s life, teachings, death, and resurrection, emphasizing his role as the Jewish Messiah and fulfillment of Old Testament prophecy.
B. Commentary on Matthew
Commentary on Matthew is an early Christian exegetical work offering theological and pastoral interpretation of the Gospel of Matthew, traditionally attributed to the 4th-century bishop Hilary of Poitiers.
C. Commentary on Matthew
Commentary on Matthew is an early Christian exegetical work by Origen that offers one of the first extensive theological and allegorical interpretations of the Gospel of Matthew.
D. Commentary on Matthew
Commentary on Matthew is a significant early Christian exegetical work by Jerome that offers a detailed theological and philological interpretation of the Gospel of Matthew.
E. Apostle Matthew
Apostle Matthew was one of the twelve disciples of Jesus, traditionally identified as a former tax collector and the author of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (46)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	solution to the Synoptic Problem ⓘ theory of Synoptic relationships ⓘ
addresses	literary dependence among Synoptic Gospels ⓘ
appliesTo	Gospel of Luke ⓘ Gospel of Mark ⓘ Gospel of Matthew ⓘ Synoptic Gospels ⓘ
assumes	canonical order reflects chronological order ⓘ
category	Christian biblical criticism ⓘ
claims	Mark preserves material from both Matthew and Luke ⓘ Mark used Luke as a source ⓘ linked to: Mark preserves material from both Matthew and Luke Mark used Matthew as a source ⓘ linked to: Mark preserves material from both Matthew and Luke
competesWith	Farrer hypothesis ⓘ Griesbach hypothesis ⓘ Two‑source hypothesis ⓘ linked to: Markan priority hypothesis
denies	Markan priority ⓘ existence of Q as necessary hypothesis ⓘ
explains	Markan omissions as abbreviation of Matthew and Luke ⓘ Markan wording as conflation of Matthew and Luke ⓘ
field	New Testament studies ⓘ
focusesOn	literary sources of Mark ⓘ order of composition of Synoptic Gospels ⓘ
hasAlternativeName	Augustinian theory ⓘ linked to: Augustinian hypothesis
historicalBasis	Augustine’s work De Consensu Evangelistarum ⓘ linked to: De consensu evangelistarum
influencedBy	traditional church view of gospel order ⓘ
isBasedOn	writings of Augustine of Hippo ⓘ linked to: Works of Augustine of Hippo
isNamedAfter	Augustine of Hippo ⓘ
literarySequence	Luke precedes Mark ⓘ Matthew precedes Luke ⓘ Matthew precedes Mark ⓘ linked to: Matthew–Luke–Mark
placesFirst	Gospel of Matthew ⓘ
placesSecond	Gospel of Luke ⓘ
placesThird	Gospel of Mark ⓘ
presupposes	Matthew and Luke known to Mark ⓘ Matthew known to Luke ⓘ
proposesOrderOfComposition	Matthew–Luke–Mark ⓘ
regards	Mark as epitome of Matthew and Luke ⓘ
rejects	hypothetical Q document as primary explanation ⓘ
statusInScholarship	minority position in contemporary scholarship ⓘ
subjectOf	New Testament scholarship ⓘ
timeOfOrigin	patristic era ⓘ
usedBy	some Catholic biblical scholars ⓘ some conservative biblical scholars ⓘ
viewOfLuke	Luke is second written Gospel ⓘ
viewOfMark	Mark is dependent on Matthew and Luke ⓘ linked to: Mark preserves material from both Matthew and Luke
viewOfMatthew	Matthew is earliest written Gospel ⓘ linked to: Gospel of Mark