Treaty of 821–822 between Tibet and Tang China

E899355

bilateral treaty historical document international agreement peace treaty

The Treaty of 821–822 between Tibet and Tang China was a landmark peace agreement that formally delineated the border and established stable diplomatic relations between the Tibetan Empire and the Tang dynasty.

Try in SPARQL Jump to: Surface forms Disambiguation Statements Elicitation Referenced by

All labels observed (3)

Label	Occurrences
Tibetan Empire–Tang dynasty relations	1
Treaty of 821–822	1
Treaty of 821–822 between Tibet and Tang China canonical	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T11008446 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Treaty of 821–822 between Tibet and Tang China
Context triple: [Tibetan Empire, treaty, Treaty of 821–822 between Tibet and Tang China]

A. Sino-Nepalese Treaty of Peace and Friendship
The Sino-Nepalese Treaty of Peace and Friendship is a 1960 agreement between China and Nepal that formally established diplomatic relations and laid the foundation for defining and managing their shared Himalayan border.
B. Chanyuan Treaty
The Chanyuan Treaty was an 11th-century peace agreement between the Song and Liao dynasties that established a long-lasting diplomatic and tributary relationship between the two states.
C. Treaty of Kyakhta (1727)
The Treaty of Kyakhta (1727) was an agreement between the Russian Empire and Qing China that fixed much of the Russo-Chinese border in Siberia and established Kyakhta as a key center of regulated cross-border trade.
D. Treaty of 681 with the Byzantine Empire
The Treaty of 681 with the Byzantine Empire was the agreement that formally recognized the First Bulgarian Empire as an independent state and marked the beginning of medieval Bulgaria’s presence on the European political map.
E. Panglong Agreement
The Panglong Agreement was a historic 1947 accord in Burma that laid the groundwork for the formation of the Union of Burma by promising autonomy and equal rights to various ethnic minority groups.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Treaty of 821–822 between Tibet and Tang China
Target entity description: The Treaty of 821–822 between Tibet and Tang China was a landmark peace agreement that formally delineated the border and established stable diplomatic relations between the Tibetan Empire and the Tang dynasty.

A. Sino-Nepalese Treaty of Peace and Friendship
The Sino-Nepalese Treaty of Peace and Friendship is a 1960 agreement between China and Nepal that formally established diplomatic relations and laid the foundation for defining and managing their shared Himalayan border.
B. Chanyuan Treaty
The Chanyuan Treaty was an 11th-century peace agreement between the Song and Liao dynasties that established a long-lasting diplomatic and tributary relationship between the two states.
C. Treaty of Kyakhta (1727)
The Treaty of Kyakhta (1727) was an agreement between the Russian Empire and Qing China that fixed much of the Russo-Chinese border in Siberia and established Kyakhta as a key center of regulated cross-border trade.
D. Treaty of 681 with the Byzantine Empire
The Treaty of 681 with the Byzantine Empire was the agreement that formally recognized the First Bulgarian Empire as an independent state and marked the beginning of medieval Bulgaria’s presence on the European political map.
E. Panglong Agreement
The Panglong Agreement was a historic 1947 accord in Burma that laid the groundwork for the formation of the Union of Burma by promising autonomy and equal rights to various ethnic minority groups.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (41)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	bilateral treaty ⓘ historical document ⓘ international agreement ⓘ peace treaty ⓘ
appliesToTerritorialJurisdiction	Tibetan Empire–Tang China border ⓘ
country	Tang China ⓘ linked to: Tang dynasty Tibetan Empire ⓘ
dateSigned	821 ⓘ 822 ⓘ
describedAs	landmark peace agreement ⓘ major diplomatic settlement ⓘ
documentedIn	Chinese historical chronicles ⓘ Tibetan historical sources ⓘ stone inscriptions in Lhasa ⓘ
follows	earlier Tibetan–Tang conflicts ⓘ
genre	treaty inscription ⓘ
hasEffect	institutionalization of diplomatic exchanges ⓘ reduction of military conflict ⓘ
hasPart	border delimitation clauses ⓘ mutual non-aggression clauses ⓘ trade and diplomatic provisions ⓘ
historicalRegion	Central Asia ⓘ East Asia ⓘ
language	Classical Chinese ⓘ Classical Tibetan ⓘ
locationSigned	Chang’an ⓘ linked to: Chang'an Lhasa ⓘ
partOf	Tibetan Empire–Tang dynasty relations ⓘ linked to: Treaty of 821–822 between Tibet and Tang China
purpose	delineate border ⓘ establish peace ⓘ stabilize diplomatic relations ⓘ
result	formal recognition of Tibetan–Tang frontier ⓘ temporary stabilization of relations ⓘ
signatory	Tang dynasty ⓘ Tibetan Empire ⓘ
significantFor	history of Sino-Tibetan border ⓘ history of Tang dynasty ⓘ history of Tibet ⓘ
timePeriod	9th century ⓘ
topic	Tibetan–Chinese relations ⓘ international borders ⓘ

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (3)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Tibetan Empire → treaty → Treaty of 821–822 between Tibet and Tang China ⓘ

subject linked to: Tibetan Empire (indirectly via alliances)

Tibetan Empire → notableEvent → Treaty of 821–822 ⓘ

linked to: Treaty of 821–822 between Tibet and Tang China

Treaty of 821–822 between Tibet and Tang China → partOf → Tibetan Empire–Tang dynasty relations ⓘ