Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
E888595
The Toll-like receptor signaling pathway is a key innate immune signaling cascade that detects pathogen-associated molecular patterns and activates downstream inflammatory and antiviral responses.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Toll-like receptor | 1 |
| Toll-like receptor signaling pathway canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T10837747 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Toll-like receptor signaling pathway Context triple: [Bruton tyrosine kinase, participatesInPathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway]
-
A.
IL-64
IL-64 is a major east–west state highway in Illinois that runs from the Mississippi River through the Chicago metropolitan area.
-
B.
Bruton tyrosine kinase
Bruton tyrosine kinase is a key signaling enzyme in B cells that plays a crucial role in their development and function and is a major therapeutic target in certain blood cancers and autoimmune diseases.
-
C.
G protein–coupled receptors
G protein–coupled receptors are a large family of membrane proteins that detect extracellular signals and activate intracellular G proteins to regulate diverse physiological processes.
-
D.
IL-17A
IL-17A is a pro-inflammatory cytokine produced mainly by Th17 cells that plays a key role in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
-
E.
programmed cell death protein 1
Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is an immune checkpoint receptor on T cells that downregulates immune responses and promotes self-tolerance, making it a key target in cancer immunotherapy.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Toll-like receptor signaling pathway Target entity description: The Toll-like receptor signaling pathway is a key innate immune signaling cascade that detects pathogen-associated molecular patterns and activates downstream inflammatory and antiviral responses.
-
A.
IL-64
IL-64 is a major east–west state highway in Illinois that runs from the Mississippi River through the Chicago metropolitan area.
-
B.
Bruton tyrosine kinase
Bruton tyrosine kinase is a key signaling enzyme in B cells that plays a crucial role in their development and function and is a major therapeutic target in certain blood cancers and autoimmune diseases.
-
C.
G protein–coupled receptors
G protein–coupled receptors are a large family of membrane proteins that detect extracellular signals and activate intracellular G proteins to regulate diverse physiological processes.
-
D.
IL-17A
IL-17A is a pro-inflammatory cytokine produced mainly by Th17 cells that plays a key role in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
-
E.
programmed cell death protein 1
Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is an immune checkpoint receptor on T cells that downregulates immune responses and promotes self-tolerance, making it a key target in cancer immunotherapy.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (62)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
biological pathway
ⓘ
innate immune signaling pathway ⓘ signal transduction pathway ⓘ |
| activatedBy |
bacterial lipopolysaccharide
ⓘ
bacterial lipoprotein ⓘ flagellin ⓘ viral DNA ⓘ viral RNA ⓘ |
| associatedWith |
autoimmune disease
ⓘ
chronic inflammation ⓘ infectious disease ⓘ |
| detects |
DAMP
ⓘ
PAMP ⓘ damage-associated molecular pattern ⓘ pathogen-associated molecular pattern ⓘ |
| foundIn |
human
ⓘ
mammal ⓘ mouse ⓘ |
| hasParticipant |
AP-1 transcription factor
ⓘ
ERK ⓘ IKK complex ⓘ IRAK1 ⓘ IRAK4 ⓘ IRF3 ⓘ IRF7 ⓘ JNK ⓘ MAPK cascade ⓘ MyD88 ⓘ NF-κB ⓘ
linked to:
NF-kappaB signaling pathway
TAK1 ⓘ TIRAP ⓘ TLR1 ⓘ TLR10 ⓘ TLR2 ⓘ TLR3 ⓘ TLR4 ⓘ TLR5 ⓘ TLR6 ⓘ TLR7 ⓘ TLR8 ⓘ TLR9 ⓘ TRAF6 ⓘ TRAM ⓘ TRIF ⓘ Toll-like receptor ⓘ
linked to:
Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
p38 MAPK ⓘ |
| hasSubPathway |
MyD88-dependent TLR signaling pathway
ⓘ
TRIF-dependent TLR signaling pathway ⓘ |
| occursIn |
dendritic cell
ⓘ
epithelial cell ⓘ macrophage ⓘ neutrophil ⓘ |
| partOf |
immune system
ⓘ
innate immune system ⓘ |
| regulates |
adaptive immune response
ⓘ
co-stimulatory molecule expression ⓘ cytokine gene expression ⓘ |
| resultsIn |
antiviral response
ⓘ
chemokine production ⓘ inflammatory response ⓘ pro-inflammatory cytokine production ⓘ type I interferon production ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Toll-like receptor signaling pathway Description of subject: The Toll-like receptor signaling pathway is a key innate immune signaling cascade that detects pathogen-associated molecular patterns and activates downstream inflammatory and antiviral responses.
Referenced by (2)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: Toll-like receptor signaling pathway