Cummings v. Missouri
E879579
Cummings v. Missouri was an 1867 U.S. Supreme Court decision that struck down post–Civil War loyalty oath requirements as unconstitutional bills of attainder and ex post facto laws.
All labels observed (3)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Cummings v. Missouri canonical | 2 |
| Cummings v. The State of Missouri | 1 |
| Missouri Constitution loyalty oath provision | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T10673748 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Cummings v. Missouri Context triple: [Chase Court, notableCase, Cummings v. Missouri]
-
A.
Missouri ex rel. Gaines v. Canada
Missouri ex rel. Gaines v. Canada was a 1938 U.S. Supreme Court case that challenged racial segregation in higher education and laid important groundwork for the later decision in Brown v. Board of Education.
-
B.
Milliken v. Bradley
Milliken v. Bradley is a landmark 1974 U.S. Supreme Court decision that limited the scope of school desegregation remedies by ruling that courts could not impose cross-district busing plans absent proof of interdistrict segregation.
-
C.
Kentucky v. Dennison
Kentucky v. Dennison was an 1861 U.S. Supreme Court case that limited federal power by holding that federal courts could not compel state governors to carry out interstate extradition.
-
D.
McPherson v. Blacker
McPherson v. Blacker is an 1892 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld a state’s authority to determine how its presidential electors are chosen, affirming broad state control over the Electoral College selection process.
-
E.
Briggs v. Elliott
Briggs v. Elliott was a landmark federal court case from South Carolina challenging racial segregation in public schools, and it became one of the key cases consolidated into Brown v. Board of Education.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Cummings v. Missouri Target entity description: Cummings v. Missouri was an 1867 U.S. Supreme Court decision that struck down post–Civil War loyalty oath requirements as unconstitutional bills of attainder and ex post facto laws.
-
A.
Missouri ex rel. Gaines v. Canada
Missouri ex rel. Gaines v. Canada was a 1938 U.S. Supreme Court case that challenged racial segregation in higher education and laid important groundwork for the later decision in Brown v. Board of Education.
-
B.
Milliken v. Bradley
Milliken v. Bradley is a landmark 1974 U.S. Supreme Court decision that limited the scope of school desegregation remedies by ruling that courts could not impose cross-district busing plans absent proof of interdistrict segregation.
-
C.
Kentucky v. Dennison
Kentucky v. Dennison was an 1861 U.S. Supreme Court case that limited federal power by holding that federal courts could not compel state governors to carry out interstate extradition.
-
D.
McPherson v. Blacker
McPherson v. Blacker is an 1892 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld a state’s authority to determine how its presidential electors are chosen, affirming broad state control over the Electoral College selection process.
-
E.
Briggs v. Elliott
Briggs v. Elliott was a landmark federal court case from South Carolina challenging racial segregation in public schools, and it became one of the key cases consolidated into Brown v. Board of Education.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (45)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
United States Supreme Court case
ⓘ
landmark United States Supreme Court decision ⓘ |
| citation | 71 U.S. (4 Wall.) 277 ⓘ |
| constitutionalDoctrine |
limits on loyalty oaths as conditions on professional practice
ⓘ
non-retroactivity of criminal punishment ⓘ prohibition of legislative punishment without trial ⓘ |
| constitutionalProvisionInterpreted |
Article I, Section 10, Clause 1 of the U.S. Constitution
ⓘ
Article I, Section 9, Clause 3 of the U.S. Constitution ⓘ First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution ⓘ |
| country |
United States
ⓘ
linked to:
United States of America
|
| decidedBy | Supreme Court of the United States ⓘ |
| decisionDate | 1867 ⓘ |
| decisionType | majority opinion with dissents ⓘ |
| effect |
limited states’ ability to impose punitive loyalty oaths
ⓘ
protected clergy from retroactive punishment for past political sympathies ⓘ strengthened constitutional protections against bills of attainder ⓘ strengthened constitutional protections against ex post facto laws ⓘ |
| fullCaseName |
Cummings v. The State of Missouri
ⓘ
linked to:
Cummings v. Missouri
|
| hasJurisdiction | United States federal law ⓘ |
| historicalContext |
Reconstruction era following the American Civil War
ⓘ
linked to:
Reconstruction era
|
| holding |
Missouri’s loyalty oath could not be applied to a Catholic priest for past conduct
ⓘ
Missouri’s loyalty oath requirement was unconstitutional as a bill of attainder ⓘ Missouri’s loyalty oath requirement was unconstitutional as an ex post facto law ⓘ |
| legalIssue |
First Amendment free exercise of religion
ⓘ
bill of attainder ⓘ constitutionality of post–Civil War loyalty oaths ⓘ ex post facto law ⓘ |
| legalProvisionChallenged |
Missouri Constitution loyalty oath provision
ⓘ
linked to:
Cummings v. Missouri
|
| majorityOpinionBy |
Justice Stephen J. Field
ⓘ
linked to:
Stephen J. Field
|
| originatingJurisdiction | State of Missouri ⓘ |
| partyRole | Cummings was a Catholic priest ⓘ |
| penaltyChallenged | disqualification from preaching without taking loyalty oath ⓘ |
| petitioner | John A. Cummings NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| relatedAreaOfLaw |
civil liberties
ⓘ
constitutional law ⓘ separation of powers ⓘ |
| relatedCase | Ex parte Garland ⓘ |
| reporter | United States Reports ⓘ |
| respondent | State of Missouri ⓘ |
| stateInvolved | Missouri ⓘ |
| subsequentInfluence |
cited in later cases on bills of attainder
ⓘ
cited in later cases on ex post facto laws ⓘ |
| timePeriod | 19th century ⓘ |
| volumeInUnitedStatesReports | 71 ⓘ |
| voteSplit | 5–4 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Cummings v. Missouri Description of subject: Cummings v. Missouri was an 1867 U.S. Supreme Court decision that struck down post–Civil War loyalty oath requirements as unconstitutional bills of attainder and ex post facto laws.
Referenced by (4)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: Cummings v. Missouri
linked to: Cummings v. Missouri