Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite
E855221
Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite (DORIS) is a French-developed satellite tracking and precise orbit determination system used for applications such as geodesy, Earth observation, and satellite navigation.
All labels observed (2)
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T10319862 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite Context triple: [International DORIS Service, fullFormOfSystem, Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite]
-
A.
Terrain-Relative Navigation
Terrain-Relative Navigation is a guidance technology that enables spacecraft to autonomously analyze surface features in real time and adjust their descent path for a precise and safe landing.
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B.
Search and Rescue Satellite-Aided Tracking payload
The Search and Rescue Satellite-Aided Tracking (SARSAT) payload is a satellite-borne system that detects and locates distress beacons worldwide to support emergency search and rescue operations.
-
C.
Tracking and Data Relay Satellite-B
Tracking and Data Relay Satellite-B was a NASA communications satellite intended to relay data between spacecraft in low Earth orbit and ground stations as part of the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS).
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D.
A-Train satellite constellation
The A-Train satellite constellation is a coordinated group of Earth-observing satellites that fly in close formation to collect complementary atmospheric, weather, and climate data for integrated scientific analysis.
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E.
Satellite-Based Augmentation Systems
Satellite-Based Augmentation Systems are regional or wide-area systems that enhance standard GPS signals to provide more accurate, reliable, and integrity-checked positioning for aviation and other safety-critical applications.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite Target entity description: Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite (DORIS) is a French-developed satellite tracking and precise orbit determination system used for applications such as geodesy, Earth observation, and satellite navigation.
-
A.
Terrain-Relative Navigation
Terrain-Relative Navigation is a guidance technology that enables spacecraft to autonomously analyze surface features in real time and adjust their descent path for a precise and safe landing.
-
B.
Search and Rescue Satellite-Aided Tracking payload
The Search and Rescue Satellite-Aided Tracking (SARSAT) payload is a satellite-borne system that detects and locates distress beacons worldwide to support emergency search and rescue operations.
-
C.
Tracking and Data Relay Satellite-B
Tracking and Data Relay Satellite-B was a NASA communications satellite intended to relay data between spacecraft in low Earth orbit and ground stations as part of the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS).
-
D.
A-Train satellite constellation
The A-Train satellite constellation is a coordinated group of Earth-observing satellites that fly in close formation to collect complementary atmospheric, weather, and climate data for integrated scientific analysis.
-
E.
Satellite-Based Augmentation Systems
Satellite-Based Augmentation Systems are regional or wide-area systems that enhance standard GPS signals to provide more accurate, reliable, and integrity-checked positioning for aviation and other safety-critical applications.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (55)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
precise orbit determination system
ⓘ
satellite tracking system ⓘ |
| abbreviation | DORIS ⓘ |
| accuracy |
centimeter-level orbit accuracy
ⓘ
millimeter-per-year station velocity accuracy ⓘ |
| applicationDomain |
climate monitoring
ⓘ
oceanography ⓘ space geodesy ⓘ |
| component |
control and processing center
ⓘ
ground beacon network ⓘ onboard receiver ⓘ |
| contributesTo |
International DORIS Service
ⓘ
International Terrestrial Reference Frame ⓘ
linked to:
International Terrestrial Reference System
|
| countryOfOrigin | France ⓘ |
| dataFormat |
RINEX-DORIS
ⓘ
linked to:
RINEX
|
| developer |
Centre National d’Études Spatiales
ⓘ
linked to:
CNES
French Space Agency CNES ⓘ
linked to:
CNES
Groupe de Recherche de Géodésie Spatiale ⓘ
linked to:
IERS Analysis Centres
Institut Géographique National ⓘ |
| firstOperationalUse |
TOPEX/Poseidon mission
ⓘ
linked to:
TOPEX/Poseidon
|
| frequencyBand |
2 GHz band
ⓘ
400 MHz band ⓘ |
| globalCoverage | worldwide ground beacon network ⓘ |
| maintains | DORIS terrestrial reference frame ⓘ |
| measurementTechnique | Doppler shift of radio signals ⓘ |
| observationType |
one-way Doppler measurements
ⓘ
two-way Doppler measurements ⓘ |
| operator | CNES ⓘ |
| orbitTypeSupported | low Earth orbit satellites ⓘ |
| signalType | microwave radiofrequency signals ⓘ |
| startOfOperation | 1990 ⓘ |
| usedFor |
Earth observation
ⓘ
geodesy ⓘ ground station positioning ⓘ ice sheet monitoring ⓘ precise satellite orbit determination ⓘ reference frame realization ⓘ satellite navigation support ⓘ sea level monitoring ⓘ tectonic plate motion studies ⓘ |
| usedOn |
CryoSat-2
ⓘ
Envisat ⓘ HY-2A ⓘ HY-2B ⓘ Jason-1 ⓘ Jason-2 ⓘ Jason-3 ⓘ SPOT-2 ⓘ
linked to:
SPOT Earth observation satellites
SPOT-3 ⓘ SPOT-4 ⓘ SPOT-5 ⓘ
linked to:
SPOT 5 satellite
Saral/AltiKa ⓘ Sentinel-3A ⓘ Sentinel-3B ⓘ TOPEX/Poseidon ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite Description of subject: Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite (DORIS) is a French-developed satellite tracking and precise orbit determination system used for applications such as geodesy, Earth observation, and satellite navigation.
Referenced by (9)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
International DORIS Service
→
fullFormOfSystem
→
Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite
ⓘ
IERS Analysis Centres
→
usesDataFrom
→
Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite observations
ⓘ
linked to: Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite
Global Geodetic Observing System
→
uses
→
Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite
ⓘ
subject linked to:
global geodetic observing system
Global Geodetic Observing System
→
usesTechnique
→
Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite
ⓘ
IAG Service structure
→
usesTechnique
→
Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite
ⓘ