Codex Cumanicus
E841567
Codex Cumanicus is a late 13th–early 14th century multilingual manuscript that serves as a key linguistic and cultural source on the Cuman (Kipchak Turkic) language and its use in medieval Eurasia.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Codex Cumanicus canonical | 3 |
| Cuman Codex | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T10127171 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Codex Cumanicus Context triple: [Cuman people, documentedIn, Codex Cumanicus]
-
A.
Codex Euricianus
The Codex Euricianus is one of the earliest known Germanic law codes, issued by the Visigothic king Euric in the late 5th century to regulate relations between Goths and Romans.
-
B.
Codex Boturini
Codex Boturini is a pre-Hispanic Aztec pictorial manuscript that chronicles the Mexica migration and the legendary origins of Tenochtitlan.
-
C.
Nowell Codex
The Nowell Codex is the late 10th–early 11th century Old English manuscript best known for preserving the only surviving copy of the epic poem Beowulf, along with several other important prose and poetic texts.
-
D.
Codex Washingtonensis
Codex Washingtonensis is an early Greek manuscript of the four Gospels, notable for its mixed text-type and importance in New Testament textual criticism.
-
E.
Codex Colombino
Codex Colombino is a pre-Hispanic Mixtec (Ñuu Savi) pictographic manuscript that records the genealogy, rituals, and military exploits of regional rulers, particularly Lord Eight Deer Jaguar Claw.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Codex Cumanicus Target entity description: Codex Cumanicus is a late 13th–early 14th century multilingual manuscript that serves as a key linguistic and cultural source on the Cuman (Kipchak Turkic) language and its use in medieval Eurasia.
-
A.
Codex Euricianus
The Codex Euricianus is one of the earliest known Germanic law codes, issued by the Visigothic king Euric in the late 5th century to regulate relations between Goths and Romans.
-
B.
Codex Boturini
Codex Boturini is a pre-Hispanic Aztec pictorial manuscript that chronicles the Mexica migration and the legendary origins of Tenochtitlan.
-
C.
Nowell Codex
The Nowell Codex is the late 10th–early 11th century Old English manuscript best known for preserving the only surviving copy of the epic poem Beowulf, along with several other important prose and poetic texts.
-
D.
Codex Washingtonensis
Codex Washingtonensis is an early Greek manuscript of the four Gospels, notable for its mixed text-type and importance in New Testament textual criticism.
-
E.
Codex Colombino
Codex Colombino is a pre-Hispanic Mixtec (Ñuu Savi) pictographic manuscript that records the genealogy, rituals, and military exploits of regional rulers, particularly Lord Eight Deer Jaguar Claw.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (49)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Kipchak Turkic text
ⓘ
linguistic source ⓘ medieval manuscript ⓘ missionary handbook ⓘ multilingual glossary ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs |
Cuman Codex
ⓘ
linked to:
Codex Cumanicus
|
| associatedWith |
Franciscan missionaries
ⓘ
linked to:
Spanish Franciscans
German merchants ⓘ Italian merchants ⓘ |
| contains |
Cuman prayers
ⓘ
Cuman riddles ⓘ Cuman–German glosses ⓘ Latin–Persian–Cuman word lists ⓘ commercial vocabulary ⓘ grammatical notes ⓘ religious texts ⓘ |
| currentCity | Venice ⓘ |
| currentCountry | Italy ⓘ |
| currentLocation | Biblioteca Marciana ⓘ |
| date |
early 14th century
ⓘ
late 13th century ⓘ |
| language |
Cuman language
ⓘ
German ⓘ Kipchak Turkic ⓘ Latin ⓘ Persian ⓘ
linked to:
Persian language
|
| part |
German part
ⓘ
Italian part ⓘ |
| peopleDocumented |
Cumans
ⓘ
Kipchaks ⓘ |
| primaryTopic |
Christian missionary activity among Cumans
ⓘ
Cuman language ⓘ Kipchak Turkic dialects ⓘ
linked to:
Kipchak languages
medieval Eurasian linguistics ⓘ |
| purpose |
aid for merchants
ⓘ
aid for missionaries ⓘ tool for learning Cuman ⓘ |
| regionDocumented |
Black Sea steppe
ⓘ
linked to:
Cuman–Kipchak steppe
Crimea ⓘ |
| religiousContext | Catholic missionary work ⓘ |
| script | Latin script ⓘ |
| shelfmark | Cod. Lat. DXLIX ⓘ |
| significance |
earliest extensive record of a Kipchak Turkic language
ⓘ
important source for Cuman morphology ⓘ important source for Cuman phonology ⓘ important source for Cuman vocabulary ⓘ important source for medieval Eurasian cultural history ⓘ key source for historical Turkic linguistics ⓘ |
| structure | two main parts ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Codex Cumanicus Description of subject: Codex Cumanicus is a late 13th–early 14th century multilingual manuscript that serves as a key linguistic and cultural source on the Cuman (Kipchak Turkic) language and its use in medieval Eurasia.
Referenced by (4)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: Codex Cumanicus