P-521
E831967
P-521 is a NIST-recommended 521-bit elliptic curve over a prime field widely used for high-security digital signatures in ECDSA.
All labels observed (3)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| NIST P-521 | 1 |
| P-521 canonical | 1 |
| secp521r1 | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T9961880 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: P-521 Context triple: [Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm, commonlyUsedCurve, P-521]
-
A.
NIST P-256 family
The NIST P-256 family is a widely used set of 256-bit elliptic curves standardized by NIST for secure public-key cryptography and digital signatures.
-
B.
Ed448
Ed448 is a modern high-security elliptic-curve digital signature algorithm designed for strong cryptographic assurance and efficient performance.
-
C.
SHA-2
SHA-2 is a family of cryptographic hash functions widely used for data integrity, digital signatures, and security protocols on the internet.
-
D.
SHA-256
SHA-256 is a widely used cryptographic hash function from the SHA-2 family that produces a 256-bit hash value for securing data integrity and authentication.
-
E.
Message-Digest Algorithm 5
Message-Digest Algorithm 5 (MD5) is a widely known but now cryptographically broken hash function that produces a 128-bit hash value and was once commonly used for checksums and data integrity verification.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: P-521 Target entity description: P-521 is a NIST-recommended 521-bit elliptic curve over a prime field widely used for high-security digital signatures in ECDSA.
-
A.
NIST P-256 family
The NIST P-256 family is a widely used set of 256-bit elliptic curves standardized by NIST for secure public-key cryptography and digital signatures.
-
B.
Ed448
Ed448 is a modern high-security elliptic-curve digital signature algorithm designed for strong cryptographic assurance and efficient performance.
-
C.
SHA-2
SHA-2 is a family of cryptographic hash functions widely used for data integrity, digital signatures, and security protocols on the internet.
-
D.
SHA-256
SHA-256 is a widely used cryptographic hash function from the SHA-2 family that produces a 256-bit hash value for securing data integrity and authentication.
-
E.
Message-Digest Algorithm 5
Message-Digest Algorithm 5 (MD5) is a widely known but now cryptographically broken hash function that produces a 128-bit hash value and was once commonly used for checksums and data integrity verification.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
ECDSA curve
ⓘ
NIST-recommended elliptic curve ⓘ elliptic curve ⓘ prime-field elliptic curve ⓘ |
| approximateSecurity | 256-bit classical security ⓘ |
| basePointOrder | large prime order ⓘ |
| belongsTo | NIST prime curves ⓘ |
| bitLength | 521 bits ⓘ |
| category | high-security elliptic curve ⓘ |
| cofactor | 1 ⓘ |
| coordinateSystem | Weierstrass form ⓘ |
| curveEquationForm | y^2 = x^3 - 3x + b ⓘ |
| curveFamily |
NIST P-curves
ⓘ
linked to:
NIST P-curve family
|
| curveName |
secp521r1
ⓘ
linked to:
P-521
|
| definedInStandard |
FIPS 186-4
ⓘ
FIPS 186-5 ⓘ |
| designedFor | long-term security ⓘ |
| fieldPrimeSize | 521 bits ⓘ |
| fieldType | prime field ⓘ |
| hasBasePoint | yes ⓘ |
| introducedBy | NIST ⓘ |
| keySizeType | asymmetric key ⓘ |
| largerThan |
P-256
ⓘ
P-384 ⓘ |
| OID | 1.3.132.0.35 ⓘ |
| primeModulusForm | 2^521 - 1 ⓘ |
| privateKeySize | 521 bits ⓘ |
| publicKeySize | larger than P-256 and P-384 ⓘ |
| recommendedBy | NIST Suite B (historical) ⓘ |
| recommendedFor | digital signatures ⓘ |
| relativeTo |
P-256
ⓘ
P-384 ⓘ |
| securityLevel | high ⓘ |
| standardizedBy | NIST ⓘ |
| suitableFor |
government-grade applications
ⓘ
high-value data protection ⓘ |
| supports |
authentication
ⓘ
data integrity ⓘ key agreement ⓘ public key cryptography ⓘ |
| usedFor |
SSH
ⓘ
TLS ⓘ X.509 certificates ⓘ code signing ⓘ document signing ⓘ |
| usedIn |
ECDH
ⓘ
linked to:
ECC
ECDSA ⓘ
linked to:
Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm
ECMQV ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: P-521 Description of subject: P-521 is a NIST-recommended 521-bit elliptic curve over a prime field widely used for high-security digital signatures in ECDSA.
Referenced by (3)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: P-521