Signal protocol X3DH
E831072
Signal protocol X3DH is a key agreement protocol used in secure messaging systems to establish forward-secure, asynchronous end-to-end encrypted sessions between users.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Signal protocol X3DH canonical | 1 |
| X3DH: Extended Triple Diffie-Hellman Key Agreement protocol specification | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T9931841 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Signal protocol X3DH Context triple: [Curve25519-based schemes, supportsProtocol, Signal protocol X3DH]
-
A.
Diffie–Hellman key exchange
Diffie–Hellman key exchange is a foundational cryptographic protocol that enables two parties to securely establish a shared secret over an insecure communication channel.
-
B.
Curve25519-based schemes
Curve25519-based schemes are cryptographic protocols and algorithms that use the Curve25519 elliptic curve to provide efficient, high-security public-key operations such as key exchange and digital signatures.
-
C.
Dragonfly key exchange
Dragonfly key exchange is a password-authenticated key exchange (PAKE) protocol designed to provide secure mutual authentication and key establishment resistant to offline dictionary attacks.
-
D.
Negotiated Finite Field Diffie-Hellman Ephemeral Parameters for Transport Layer Security (TLS)
"Negotiated Finite Field Diffie-Hellman Ephemeral Parameters for Transport Layer Security (TLS)" is an IETF standard (RFC 7919) that defines secure, standardized finite-field Diffie-Hellman parameter sets for use in TLS to improve cryptographic security and interoperability.
-
E.
The Sigma Protocol
The Sigma Protocol is a posthumously published thriller novel by Robert Ludlum that follows a man uncovering a vast global conspiracy tied to secret financial and political powers.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Signal protocol X3DH Target entity description: Signal protocol X3DH is a key agreement protocol used in secure messaging systems to establish forward-secure, asynchronous end-to-end encrypted sessions between users.
-
A.
Diffie–Hellman key exchange
Diffie–Hellman key exchange is a foundational cryptographic protocol that enables two parties to securely establish a shared secret over an insecure communication channel.
-
B.
Curve25519-based schemes
Curve25519-based schemes are cryptographic protocols and algorithms that use the Curve25519 elliptic curve to provide efficient, high-security public-key operations such as key exchange and digital signatures.
-
C.
Dragonfly key exchange
Dragonfly key exchange is a password-authenticated key exchange (PAKE) protocol designed to provide secure mutual authentication and key establishment resistant to offline dictionary attacks.
-
D.
Negotiated Finite Field Diffie-Hellman Ephemeral Parameters for Transport Layer Security (TLS)
"Negotiated Finite Field Diffie-Hellman Ephemeral Parameters for Transport Layer Security (TLS)" is an IETF standard (RFC 7919) that defines secure, standardized finite-field Diffie-Hellman parameter sets for use in TLS to improve cryptographic security and interoperability.
-
E.
The Sigma Protocol
The Sigma Protocol is a posthumously published thriller novel by Robert Ludlum that follows a man uncovering a vast global conspiracy tied to secret financial and political powers.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (51)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
asynchronous key exchange protocol
ⓘ
cryptographic protocol ⓘ key agreement protocol ⓘ |
| abbreviation | X3DH ⓘ |
| basedOn | Diffie–Hellman key exchange ⓘ |
| category | end-to-end encryption technology ⓘ |
| componentOf |
Signal Protocol
ⓘ
linked to:
Signal protocol
|
| designedBy |
Moxie Marlinspike
ⓘ
Trevor Perrin ⓘ |
| extends | triple Diffie–Hellman (3DH) ⓘ |
| firstPublicationYear | 2016 ⓘ |
| followsModel | triple Diffie–Hellman pattern ⓘ |
| fullName | Extended Triple Diffie-Hellman ⓘ |
| hasPhase |
initial handshake phase
ⓘ
prekey publication phase ⓘ session key derivation phase ⓘ |
| providesProperty |
asynchronous operation
ⓘ
authentication ⓘ deniability ⓘ forward secrecy ⓘ identity binding ⓘ |
| publishedBy |
Open Whisper Systems
ⓘ
linked to:
Signal Messenger LLC
|
| roleInProtocolSuite | initial key agreement for the Signal Double Ratchet ⓘ |
| securityGoal |
confidentiality of session keys
ⓘ
mutual authentication ⓘ post-compromise security for future sessions ⓘ resistance to key compromise impersonation ⓘ resistance to replay attacks ⓘ |
| specifiedIn |
X3DH: Extended Triple Diffie-Hellman Key Agreement protocol specification
ⓘ
linked to:
Signal protocol X3DH
|
| supports |
asynchronous message setup
ⓘ
clients that are offline during key establishment ⓘ |
| threatModel |
active network attacker
ⓘ
passive eavesdropper ⓘ |
| usedBy |
Facebook Messenger Secret Conversations
ⓘ
Google RCS end-to-end encryption (based on Signal protocol) ⓘ Signal messenger ⓘ
linked to:
Signal Messenger LLC
Signal secure messaging protocol ⓘ WhatsApp end-to-end encryption ⓘ
linked to:
Signal protocol
Wire messenger (Signal-based variants historically) ⓘ |
| usedFor |
asynchronous key agreement
ⓘ
establishing end-to-end encrypted sessions ⓘ forward-secure key establishment ⓘ secure messaging ⓘ |
| usesCurve |
Curve25519 (in Signal’s implementation)
ⓘ
linked to:
Curve25519-based schemes
|
| usesKeyType |
ephemeral key
ⓘ
identity key ⓘ one-time prekey ⓘ signed prekey ⓘ |
| usesPrimitive |
digital signatures
ⓘ
elliptic-curve Diffie–Hellman ⓘ public-key cryptography ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Signal protocol X3DH Description of subject: Signal protocol X3DH is a key agreement protocol used in secure messaging systems to establish forward-secure, asynchronous end-to-end encrypted sessions between users.
Referenced by (2)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
Signal protocol X3DH
→
specifiedIn
→
X3DH: Extended Triple Diffie-Hellman Key Agreement protocol specification
ⓘ
linked to: Signal protocol X3DH