Treaty of Indian Springs (1825)

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The Treaty of Indian Springs (1825) was a controversial agreement in which Creek leader William McIntosh and a small faction ceded vast Creek lands in Georgia and Alabama to the United States, leading to his execution by fellow Creeks and intensifying Native American dispossession.

All labels observed (2)

How this entity was disambiguated

Statements (45)

Predicate Object
instanceOf treaty
alsoKnownAs Second Treaty of Indian Springs
appliesToTerritory Creek lands in Alabama
Creek lands in Georgia
associatedWithPolicy Indian removal policy precursor
U.S. expansionism
beneficiary State of Georgia
linked to: Georgia

white settlers in Georgia and Alabama
causeOfTensionWith Creek traditionalist leaders
U.S. federal–state relations over Indian policy
controversial true
country United States
CreekSignatoryLeader William McIntosh
William McIntosh, Jr.
linked to: William McIntosh
dateSigned 1825-02-12
effectOnCreeks forced migration of Creek communities
loss of ancestral homelands
historicalPeriod early 19th century United States Indian policy
historicalSignificance example of factionalism within Native nations exploited by U.S. authorities
key step in dispossession of Creeks from Georgia
ledTo accelerated removal of Creeks from Georgia
execution of William McIntosh
increased internal conflict within Creek Nation
legalStatus ratified by United States Senate
location Butts County, Georgia NERFINISHED
opposedBy majority of Creek National Council
reasonForControversy large-scale land cession under pressure from U.S. and Georgia
signed by minority Creek faction without full national consent
relatedEthnicGroup Muscogee (Creek) Nation
relatedPlace Chattahoochee River region
Flint River region
central and western Georgia
eastern Alabama
relatedToEvent execution of William McIntosh in 1825
subsequent Treaty of Washington (1826)
replacedBy Treaty of Washington (1826)
result cession of most remaining Creek land in Georgia
cession of significant Creek land in Alabama
dispossession of many Creek people
signatory Creek Nation faction
United States government
signedAt Indian Springs, Georgia
U.S.Negotiator Duncan G. Campbell
James Meriwether
violatedLawOf Creek Nation

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (3)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

William McIntosh knownFor Treaty of Indian Springs (1825)
Treaty of Indian Springs (1825) alsoKnownAs Second Treaty of Indian Springs
linked to: Treaty of Indian Springs (1825)
Lower Creek people signedTreaty Treaty of Indian Springs (1825)