Artaxerxes I of Persia

E81804

5th-century BCE ruler Achaemenid king King of Kings Persian monarch

Artaxerxes I of Persia was a 5th-century BCE Achaemenid king best known for ruling a vast Persian Empire and appearing in biblical history as the monarch who interacted with Jewish leaders during the restoration of Jerusalem.

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All labels observed (8)

Label	Occurrences
Artaxerxes I	33
Artaxerxes I of Persia canonical	12
Life of Artaxerxes	2
Artaxerxes	1
Artaxerxes Long-handed	1
Artaxerxes Longimanus	1
Persian king Artaxerxes I	1
court of Artaxerxes I	1

How this entity was disambiguated

This entity first appeared as the object of triple T652091 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Artaxerxes I of Persia
Context triple: [Ezra–Nehemiah, mainCharacter, Artaxerxes I of Persia]

A. Darius I of Persia
Darius I of Persia was a powerful Achaemenid king (reigned 522–486 BCE) known for expanding and organizing the Persian Empire, promoting administrative reforms, and supporting major building projects across his realm.
B. Cyrus the Great
Cyrus the Great was the 6th-century BCE founder of the Achaemenid Persian Empire, renowned for his military conquests, enlightened rule, and policies of religious tolerance and repatriation.
C. King Ahasuerus
King Ahasuerus is the Persian monarch featured in the biblical Book of Esther, traditionally identified with Xerxes I and central to the events commemorated by the Jewish festival of Purim.
D. Cambyses II
Cambyses II was a king of the Achaemenid Persian Empire, best known for succeeding Cyrus the Great and conquering Egypt in the 6th century BCE.
E. Cambyses I
Cambyses I was a 6th-century BCE king of Anshan and an early Achaemenid ruler best known as the father of Cyrus the Great, founder of the Persian Empire.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Artaxerxes I of Persia
Target entity description: Artaxerxes I of Persia was a 5th-century BCE Achaemenid king best known for ruling a vast Persian Empire and appearing in biblical history as the monarch who interacted with Jewish leaders during the restoration of Jerusalem.

A. Darius I of Persia
Darius I of Persia was a powerful Achaemenid king (reigned 522–486 BCE) known for expanding and organizing the Persian Empire, promoting administrative reforms, and supporting major building projects across his realm.
B. Cyrus the Great
Cyrus the Great was the 6th-century BCE founder of the Achaemenid Persian Empire, renowned for his military conquests, enlightened rule, and policies of religious tolerance and repatriation.
C. King Ahasuerus
King Ahasuerus is the Persian monarch featured in the biblical Book of Esther, traditionally identified with Xerxes I and central to the events commemorated by the Jewish festival of Purim.
D. Cambyses II
Cambyses II was a king of the Achaemenid Persian Empire, best known for succeeding Cyrus the Great and conquering Egypt in the 6th century BCE.
E. Cambyses I
Cambyses I was a 6th-century BCE king of Anshan and an early Achaemenid ruler best known as the father of Cyrus the Great, founder of the Persian Empire.
F. None of above. chosen

Statements (59)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	5th-century BCE ruler ⓘ Achaemenid king ⓘ King of Kings ⓘ Persian monarch ⓘ
alsoKnownAs	Artaxerxes Long-handed ⓘ linked to: Artaxerxes I of Persia Artaxerxes Longimanus ⓘ linked to: Artaxerxes I of Persia
birthDate	circa 5th century BCE ⓘ
burialPlace	Naqsh-e Rostam ⓘ linked to: Naqsh-e Rustam inscriptions
capital	Persepolis ⓘ Susa ⓘ
child	Xerxes II of Persia ⓘ
coinage	Daric ⓘ
conflictWith	Athens ⓘ Egyptian rebels ⓘ
country	Achaemenid Empire ⓘ
deathDate	circa 424 BCE ⓘ
dynasty	Achaemenid dynasty ⓘ
era	Classical antiquity ⓘ
father	Xerxes I of Persia ⓘ linked to: Xerxes I
givenName	Artaxerxes ⓘ linked to: Artaxerxes I of Persia
house	House of Achaemenes ⓘ linked to: Achaemenid dynasty
interactedWith	Ezra ⓘ Nehemiah ⓘ
issuedDecree	Authorization for Ezra to lead return and reforms in Judah ⓘ Permission for Nehemiah to rebuild Jerusalem’s walls ⓘ
knownFor	Interactions with Jewish leaders during restoration of Jerusalem ⓘ Ruling a vast Achaemenid Empire ⓘ
languageUsed	Imperial Aramaic ⓘ Old Persian ⓘ
mentionedIn	Book of Esther (traditional identification by some scholars) ⓘ linked to: Megillat Esther Book of Ezra ⓘ linked to: Ezra–Nehemiah Book of Nehemiah ⓘ linked to: Ezra–Nehemiah
mother	Amestris ⓘ
notableEvent	Assassination of Xerxes I and succession crisis ⓘ Athenian intervention in Egypt ⓘ Peace of Callias (traditional attribution) ⓘ Revolt of Inaros in Egypt ⓘ
policy	Support for local temple cults within the empire ⓘ Use of Aramaic as an administrative language ⓘ
predecessor	Xerxes I of Persia ⓘ linked to: Xerxes I
realm	Persian Empire ⓘ linked to: Achaemenid Empire
regionRuled	Anatolia ⓘ Egypt ⓘ linked to: Pharaonic Egypt Levant ⓘ linked to: Levant region Mesopotamia ⓘ Persia ⓘ
regnalName	Artaxerxes I ⓘ linked to: Artaxerxes I of Persia
reignEnd	424 BCE ⓘ
reignStart	465 BCE ⓘ
religion	Zoroastrianism ⓘ
source	Ctesias of Cnidus ⓘ Herodotus ⓘ
spouse	Damaspia ⓘ
successor	Darius II of Persia ⓘ Sogdianus ⓘ Xerxes II of Persia ⓘ
title	Great King ⓘ King of Countries ⓘ King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire ⓘ

How these facts were elicited