Mi'kmaq–British treaties
E803917
18th-century treaties
Indigenous–Crown treaties in Canada
historic treaty series
peace and friendship treaties
The Mi'kmaq–British treaties are a series of 18th-century agreements between the Mi'kmaq people and the British Crown that established terms of peace, trade, and land use in what is now Atlantic Canada.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Mi'kmaq peace and friendship treaties | 1 |
| Mi'kmaq–British treaties canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T9522448 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Mi'kmaq–British treaties Context triple: [Father Le Loutre's War, relatedTo, Mi'kmaq–British treaties]
-
A.
James Bay Treaty
The James Bay Treaty, also known as Treaty 9, is a historic agreement between several First Nations in northern Ontario and the Canadian government that ceded vast traditional territories in exchange for reserves, annuities, and other promises.
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B.
Treaty 8
Treaty 8 is a historic agreement signed in 1899 between the Canadian Crown and various First Nations in northern Alberta, northeastern British Columbia, northwestern Saskatchewan, and the southern Northwest Territories, outlining land cession, rights, and obligations.
-
C.
Paix des Braves agreement with Quebec
The Paix des Braves agreement with Quebec is a landmark 2002 governance and resource-sharing accord between the Cree Nation and the Quebec government that redefined their relationship and granted the Cree greater autonomy and revenue from northern development projects.
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D.
Treaty 6
Treaty 6 is a historic agreement signed in 1876 between the Canadian Crown and various First Nations in what is now central Alberta and Saskatchewan, forming part of Canada’s broader Numbered Treaties framework.
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E.
Treaty 7
Treaty 7 is an 1877 agreement between several First Nations of what is now southern Alberta and the Canadian government that ceded Indigenous lands in exchange for reserves, annuities, and other promises.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Mi'kmaq–British treaties Target entity description: The Mi'kmaq–British treaties are a series of 18th-century agreements between the Mi'kmaq people and the British Crown that established terms of peace, trade, and land use in what is now Atlantic Canada.
-
A.
James Bay Treaty
The James Bay Treaty, also known as Treaty 9, is a historic agreement between several First Nations in northern Ontario and the Canadian government that ceded vast traditional territories in exchange for reserves, annuities, and other promises.
-
B.
Treaty 8
Treaty 8 is a historic agreement signed in 1899 between the Canadian Crown and various First Nations in northern Alberta, northeastern British Columbia, northwestern Saskatchewan, and the southern Northwest Territories, outlining land cession, rights, and obligations.
-
C.
Paix des Braves agreement with Quebec
The Paix des Braves agreement with Quebec is a landmark 2002 governance and resource-sharing accord between the Cree Nation and the Quebec government that redefined their relationship and granted the Cree greater autonomy and revenue from northern development projects.
-
D.
Treaty 6
Treaty 6 is a historic agreement signed in 1876 between the Canadian Crown and various First Nations in what is now central Alberta and Saskatchewan, forming part of Canada’s broader Numbered Treaties framework.
-
E.
Treaty 7
Treaty 7 is an 1877 agreement between several First Nations of what is now southern Alberta and the Canadian government that ceded Indigenous lands in exchange for reserves, annuities, and other promises.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (49)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
18th-century treaties
ⓘ
Indigenous–Crown treaties in Canada ⓘ historic treaty series ⓘ peace and friendship treaties ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs |
Mi'kmaq peace and friendship treaties
ⓘ
linked to:
Mi'kmaq–British treaties
|
| appliesTo |
Mi'kma'ki
ⓘ
linked to:
Mi’kma’ki
|
| archivedIn | Public Archives of Nova Scotia ⓘ |
| basisFor | Mi'kmaq moderate livelihood fishery rights as recognized in R v Marshall ⓘ |
| characteristic |
did not involve land cession
ⓘ
emphasized peace and friendship rather than surrender ⓘ |
| component |
Treaty of 1725
ⓘ
Treaty of 1726 ⓘ Treaty of 1749 ⓘ Treaty of 1752 ⓘ Treaty of 1760 ⓘ
linked to:
Treaties of 1760–1761
Treaty of 1761 ⓘ
linked to:
Treaties of 1760–1761
Treaty of 1779 ⓘ |
| historicalContext |
British–French rivalry in northeastern North America
ⓘ
expansion of British settlements in Mi'kmaq territory ⓘ |
| influenced |
Canadian Aboriginal law
ⓘ
modern Mi'kmaq treaty rights claims ⓘ |
| language | English ⓘ |
| legalStatus |
constitutionally protected under section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982
ⓘ
recognized in Canadian law ⓘ |
| location |
Atlantic Canada
ⓘ
Gaspé Peninsula ⓘ New Brunswick ⓘ Newfoundland and Labrador ⓘ Nova Scotia ⓘ Prince Edward Island ⓘ |
| negotiatedBy |
British colonial officials in Nova Scotia
ⓘ
Mi'kmaq chiefs ⓘ
linked to:
Mi’kmaq Grand Council
|
| party |
Great Britain
ⓘ
Mi'kmaq Nation ⓘ
linked to:
Mi’kmaq
|
| purpose |
define land use
ⓘ
establish peace ⓘ regulate trade ⓘ |
| recognizedBy | Supreme Court of Canada ⓘ |
| relatedCase |
R v Marshall
ⓘ
linked to:
R v. Marshall (1999)
R v Simon ⓘ
linked to:
R v. Simon (1985)
|
| signatory |
British Crown
ⓘ
Mi'kmaq people ⓘ
linked to:
Mi’kmaq
|
| subject |
Mi'kmaq fishing rights
ⓘ
Mi'kmaq gathering rights ⓘ Mi'kmaq hunting rights ⓘ peaceful coexistence between Mi'kmaq and British settlers ⓘ trade relations between Mi'kmaq and British ⓘ |
| timePeriod | 18th century ⓘ |
| typeOf |
Crown–Indigenous relationship framework
ⓘ
linked to:
Crown-Indigenous treaties in Canada
|
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Mi'kmaq–British treaties Description of subject: The Mi'kmaq–British treaties are a series of 18th-century agreements between the Mi'kmaq people and the British Crown that established terms of peace, trade, and land use in what is now Atlantic Canada.
Referenced by (2)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
linked to: Mi'kmaq–British treaties