Battle of the Caudine Forks
E800690
The Battle of the Caudine Forks was a major engagement of the Second Samnite War in 321 BC, where a Roman army was famously trapped and humiliated by the Samnites in a mountain pass in southern Italy.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Battle of the Caudine Forks canonical | 2 |
| Caudine Forks | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T9448709 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Battle of the Caudine Forks Context triple: [Caudini, knownFor, Battle of the Caudine Forks]
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A.
Battle of Corfinium
The Battle of Corfinium was an early engagement in 49 BC during Julius Caesar’s civil war in which Caesar besieged and captured the city of Corfinium, securing a key strategic and psychological advantage over the senatorial forces.
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B.
Battle of Asculum
The Battle of Asculum was a major engagement in 279 BC in which King Pyrrhus of Epirus defeated the Romans at heavy cost, giving rise to the term “Pyrrhic victory.”
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C.
Battle of Lake Regillus
The Battle of Lake Regillus was a legendary early 5th-century BC clash between the Roman Republic and the Latin forces of the exiled king Tarquinius Superbus, famed for the supposed divine intervention of the Dioscuri, Castor and Pollux, on Rome’s behalf.
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D.
Battle of Pistoria
The Battle of Pistoria was the decisive 62 BC clash in which the Roman politician and conspirator Catiline was defeated and killed, effectively ending his attempted uprising against the Roman Republic.
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E.
Battle of Fucine Lake
The Battle of Fucine Lake was a significant engagement during the Roman Social (Marsic) War in which Roman forces clashed with Italian allies near Lake Fucinus in central Italy.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Battle of the Caudine Forks Target entity description: The Battle of the Caudine Forks was a major engagement of the Second Samnite War in 321 BC, where a Roman army was famously trapped and humiliated by the Samnites in a mountain pass in southern Italy.
-
A.
Battle of Corfinium
The Battle of Corfinium was an early engagement in 49 BC during Julius Caesar’s civil war in which Caesar besieged and captured the city of Corfinium, securing a key strategic and psychological advantage over the senatorial forces.
-
B.
Battle of Asculum
The Battle of Asculum was a major engagement in 279 BC in which King Pyrrhus of Epirus defeated the Romans at heavy cost, giving rise to the term “Pyrrhic victory.”
-
C.
Battle of Lake Regillus
The Battle of Lake Regillus was a legendary early 5th-century BC clash between the Roman Republic and the Latin forces of the exiled king Tarquinius Superbus, famed for the supposed divine intervention of the Dioscuri, Castor and Pollux, on Rome’s behalf.
-
D.
Battle of Pistoria
The Battle of Pistoria was the decisive 62 BC clash in which the Roman politician and conspirator Catiline was defeated and killed, effectively ending his attempted uprising against the Roman Republic.
-
E.
Battle of Fucine Lake
The Battle of Fucine Lake was a significant engagement during the Roman Social (Marsic) War in which Roman forces clashed with Italian allies near Lake Fucinus in central Italy.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (47)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
battle
ⓘ
military engagement ⓘ |
| aftermath |
humiliating peace imposed on Rome
ⓘ
temporary Roman peace with Samnites ⓘ |
| approximateModernLocation | near modern Montesarchio, Italy ⓘ |
| belligerent |
Roman Republic
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Samnites NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| chronologicalOrder | early phase of the Second Samnite War ⓘ |
| commandedBy | Gaius Pontius NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| conflict | Second Samnite War NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| countryAtTime | Roman Republic NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| culturalImpact | became proverbial in Roman literature for humiliation ⓘ |
| date | 321 BC ⓘ |
| era | Roman Republic era NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| geographicalFeature | mountain pass ⓘ |
| hasType | ambush ⓘ |
| historicalSource | Livy NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| involvedForce |
Roman legions
ⓘ
Samnite forces ⓘ |
| locatedIn |
Samnium
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
southern Italy ⓘ |
| militaryTacticUsed | entrapment in narrow defile ⓘ |
| militaryTheater | Italian Peninsula NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| namedAfter | Caudine Forks pass NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| notableFor |
Roman army trapped in a mountain pass
ⓘ
Romans forced to pass under the yoke ⓘ humiliation of Roman army ⓘ |
| opponent |
Roman Republic
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Samnites NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| opposingPolity | Samnite League NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| partOf | Second Samnite War NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| place | Caudine Forks NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| predecessorConflict | First Samnite War NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| region | Apennine Mountains area NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| relatedEvent | Second Samnite War NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| result |
Roman defeat
ⓘ
Samnite victory ⓘ |
| RomanCommander |
Spurius Postumius Albinus
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Titus Veturius Calvinus NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| RomanConsulInvolved |
Spurius Postumius Albinus
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Titus Veturius Calvinus NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| SamniteCommander | Gaius Pontius NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| strategicSignificance | major setback for Roman expansion in Italy ⓘ |
| successorConflict | later Roman campaigns in Samnium ⓘ |
| symbolism | example of Roman military humiliation ⓘ |
| tacticalOutcome | Roman army encircled without battle ⓘ |
| typeOfDefeat | capitulation without pitched battle ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Battle of the Caudine Forks Description of subject: The Battle of the Caudine Forks was a major engagement of the Second Samnite War in 321 BC, where a Roman army was famously trapped and humiliated by the Samnites in a mountain pass in southern Italy.
Referenced by (3)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Caudine Forks