Muhammad bin Tughlaq
E75075
Muhammad bin Tughlaq was a 14th-century Sultan of Delhi known for his ambitious but often impractical administrative and economic reforms, including the failed experiment with token currency and the controversial transfer of the capital.
All labels observed (6)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Muhammad bin Tughlaq canonical | 14 |
| Muhammad bin Tughluq | 4 |
| Muhammad bin Tughlaq Shah | 1 |
| Muhammad bin Tughlaq of Delhi | 1 |
| Tughlaq | 1 |
| reign of Sultan Muhammad bin Tughlaq | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T547319 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Muhammad bin Tughlaq Context triple: [Delhi Sultanate, notableRuler, Muhammad bin Tughlaq]
-
A.
Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq
Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq was the founder of the Tughlaq dynasty and a 14th-century Sultan of Delhi known for consolidating the Delhi Sultanate’s power and initiating major architectural and administrative projects.
-
B.
Alauddin Khalji
Alauddin Khalji was a powerful 13th–14th century Sultan of Delhi known for his military conquests, administrative and economic reforms, and successful resistance against Mongol invasions.
-
C.
Iltutmish
Iltutmish was a prominent 13th-century ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, known for consolidating its power, expanding its territories, and establishing Delhi as a major political center in northern India.
-
D.
Humayun
Humayun was the second emperor of the Mughal Empire, known for temporarily losing his kingdom to Afghan rivals before regaining it and paving the way for the expansive rule of his son Akbar.
-
E.
Qutb al-Din Aibak
Qutb al-Din Aibak was a former slave-commander who founded the Mamluk (Slave) dynasty in northern India and initiated the construction of the Qutub Minar in Delhi.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Muhammad bin Tughlaq Target entity description: Muhammad bin Tughlaq was a 14th-century Sultan of Delhi known for his ambitious but often impractical administrative and economic reforms, including the failed experiment with token currency and the controversial transfer of the capital.
-
A.
Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq
Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq was the founder of the Tughlaq dynasty and a 14th-century Sultan of Delhi known for consolidating the Delhi Sultanate’s power and initiating major architectural and administrative projects.
-
B.
Alauddin Khalji
Alauddin Khalji was a powerful 13th–14th century Sultan of Delhi known for his military conquests, administrative and economic reforms, and successful resistance against Mongol invasions.
-
C.
Iltutmish
Iltutmish was a prominent 13th-century ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, known for consolidating its power, expanding its territories, and establishing Delhi as a major political center in northern India.
-
D.
Humayun
Humayun was the second emperor of the Mughal Empire, known for temporarily losing his kingdom to Afghan rivals before regaining it and paving the way for the expansive rule of his son Akbar.
-
E.
Qutb al-Din Aibak
Qutb al-Din Aibak was a former slave-commander who founded the Mamluk (Slave) dynasty in northern India and initiated the construction of the Qutub Minar in Delhi.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (47)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Muslim ruler
ⓘ
Sultan of Delhi ⓘ historical figure ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs |
Muhammad bin Tughlaq
ⓘ
surface form:
Muhammad bin Tughlaq Shah
Muhammad bin Tughlaq ⓘ
surface form:
Muhammad bin Tughlaq of Delhi
Muhammad bin Tughlaq ⓘ
surface form:
Muhammad bin Tughluq
|
| capitalCity | Delhi ⓘ |
| capitalTransferResult |
administrative difficulties
ⓘ
popular discontent ⓘ |
| century | 14th century ⓘ |
| currencyExperimentResult |
economic instability
ⓘ
widespread counterfeiting ⓘ |
| deathDate | 1351 ⓘ |
| deathPlace | on campaign in Sindh region ⓘ |
| dynasty | Tughlaq dynasty ⓘ |
| father | Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq ⓘ |
| fullName | Muhammad bin Tughlaq self-link ⓘ |
| governedTerritory | Delhi Sultanate ⓘ |
| implementedPolicy |
attempted campaigns towards Khurasan and Iraq
ⓘ
attempted expansion into the Deccan ⓘ experiments with agricultural taxation ⓘ forced migration of population from Delhi to Daulatabad ⓘ increased land revenue assessment in the Doab ⓘ introduction of token copper currency ⓘ |
| knownFor |
ambitious administrative reforms
ⓘ
experiment with token currency ⓘ extensive military campaigns ⓘ harsh taxation policies ⓘ impractical economic experiments ⓘ transfer of the capital from Delhi to Daulatabad ⓘ |
| languageOfCourt | Persian ⓘ |
| notableEvent |
introduction and withdrawal of token currency
ⓘ
mass relocation to Daulatabad ⓘ revenue experiments in the Ganga-Yamuna Doab ⓘ |
| orderedCapitalTransferTo |
Aurangabad
ⓘ
surface form:
Daulatabad
|
| positionHeld | Sultan of Delhi ⓘ |
| predecessor | Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq ⓘ |
| region |
South Asia
ⓘ
surface form:
Indian subcontinent
|
| reignEnd | 1351 ⓘ |
| reignStart | 1325 ⓘ |
| religion | Islam ⓘ |
| reputation |
controversial administrator
ⓘ
visionary but impractical ruler ⓘ |
| successor |
Firoz Shah Tughlaq
ⓘ
surface form:
Firuz Shah Tughlaq
|
| territorialExtent |
northern India
ⓘ
parts of central India ⓘ parts of the Deccan ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Muhammad bin Tughlaq Description of subject: Muhammad bin Tughlaq was a 14th-century Sultan of Delhi known for his ambitious but often impractical administrative and economic reforms, including the failed experiment with token currency and the controversial transfer of the capital.
Referenced by (22)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Muhammad bin Tughluq
this entity surface form:
Muhammad bin Tughlaq Shah
this entity surface form:
Muhammad bin Tughlaq of Delhi
this entity surface form:
Muhammad bin Tughluq
subject surface form:
Ibn Battuta
this entity surface form:
Muhammad bin Tughluq
this entity surface form:
Tughlaq
this entity surface form:
Muhammad bin Tughluq
this entity surface form:
reign of Sultan Muhammad bin Tughlaq
subject surface form:
Jahanpanah
subject surface form:
Jahanpanah
subject surface form:
Jahanpanah